FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 78, NO. 2 



3B. No caruncles on back; cleft of mouth 

 nearly horizontal 4 



4A. A second cephalic ray present immedi- 

 ately posterior to base of illicium, bearing 

 a distal luminous gland (withdrawn be- 

 neath skin in larger specimens, its pres- 

 ence indicated by a small pore) 



Diceratiidae 



4B. No second cephalic ray 5 



5 A. Upper jaw extending anteriorly far be- 

 yond lower jaw; esca with 1-3 denticles . 

 Thaumatichthyidae 



5B. Jaws equal anteriorly; esca without den- 

 ticles 6 



6 A. Illicium emerging on tip of snout; length 

 of head <35% SL; length of caudal pedun- 

 cle >20% SL; 5 pectoral radials 



Gigantactinidae 



6B. Illicium emerging behind tip of snout; 

 length of head >35% SL; length of cau- 

 dal peduncle <20% SL; 3 or 4 pectoral 

 radials 7 



7 A. Dermal spines or plates present 8 



7B. Skin naked 10 



8A. Skin with some large, bony plates, each 



bearing a median spine 



Himantolophidae 



SB. Skin with numerous, close set spines . . 9 



9A. Teeth present on ceratobranchials 1-4; 4 

 pectoral radials (but fusing to 3 in spec- 

 imens greater than about 150 mm SL); 

 larvae and adolescents up to about 50 

 mm SL with a short, digitiform, hyoid 

 barbel Centrophrynidae 



9B. Ceratobranchial teeth absent; 3 pectoral 



radials; no hyoid barbel 



Oneirodidae (Spiniphryne) 



lOA. Six branchiostegal rays; more than 4 dor- 

 sal fin rays; anal fin rays 4-7 



Oneirodidae 



lOB. Four to five branchiostegal rays; 3 dorsal 

 fin rays, rarely 2 or 4; anal fin rays 

 2-4 Linophrynidae 



CAULOPHRYNIDAE 



Key to Females of Genera and Species of 

 Southeast Asian Caulophrynidae 



lA. Illicium short, less than SL; dorsal fin 



rays 14-22; anal fin rays 12-19 



Caulophryne pelagica (Brauer) 



IB. Illicium long, 268% of SL in a 41 mm SL 



specimen; dorsal fin rays 6, anal fin 



rays 5 Robia legula Pietsch 



(known from only the holotype, 41 mm SL) 



Caulophryne Goode and Bean 1896 



Caulophryne pelagica (Brauer 1902) 



Material— LkCM 36023-1, 13 mm SL, stn 143. 



A single individual, representing the sixth 

 known specimen of C. pelagica , and the first record 

 of this species from southeast Asian waters, was 

 collected by the Alpha Helix in 1975. It was in- 

 cluded in a recent revision of the family (Pietsch 

 1979). 



Caulophryne sp. A 



Material— LXCM 36025-1, female 98 mm SL with 

 parasitic male 12 mm SL, stn 37. 



This female and parasitically attached male, 

 collected from the Banda Sea, cannot be placed 

 within the material of any of the three recognized 

 species of Caulophryne (Pietsch 1979). The at- 

 tached male represents the second example of sex- 

 ual parasitism in the family Caulophrynidae. 



Caulophryne sp. B, Figure 1 



Material— LkCM 36112-1, 10 mm SL, stn 183; 

 LACM 36111-1, 10.5 mm SL, stn 184; LACM 

 36109-2, 11.5 mm SL, stn 193. 



These three small females were sorted out of the 

 Alpha Helix collections after a recent revision of 

 the family went to press (Pietsch 1979). They dif- 

 fer significantly from the material of the three 

 recognized species of Caulophryne in having an 

 elongate, distally branched, lateral appendage on 

 each side of the escal bulb; distal escal filaments, 

 present in all the described species of the genus, 

 are absent. Although these most likely represent a 

 new form, the small size of the specimens and their 

 poor condition do not warrant description at this 

 time. 



Robia Pietsch 1979 

 Robia legula Pietsch 1979 



Material— LACM 36024-1, 41 mm, stn 81 (holo- 

 type). 



This species is known from a single specimen 

 collected in the Banda Sea (Pietsch 1979). 



380 



