OLI\TER ET AL.: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WAVE DISTURBANCE AND ZONATION 



early survival of polychaete larvae in the crusta- 

 cean zone. 



The most disruptive wave disturbances were 

 caused by the mass accretion and erosion of the 

 substrate by heavy storm swells. The local 

 sedimentary structures indicated that severe 

 scouring occurred at a water depth of at least 10 m 

 and numerous diving observations revealed sig- 

 nificant sediment movement at the deepest study 

 stations. These periodic and catastrophic distur- 

 bances are probably more important in maintain- 

 ing the zonal patterns than the average wave ac- 

 tivity of the region. In either case, wave-induced 

 substrate motion undoubtedly prevents the estab- 

 lishment and restricts the activities of many ani- 

 mals and directly or indirectly controls commun- 

 ity zonation. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



We are grateful to P. Dayton, K. Fauchald, R. 

 Hessler, J. Thompson, and G. VanBlaricom for 

 reading and criticizing an earlier manuscript. 

 This study could not have been completed without 

 the contributions of our friends and colleagues at 

 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, including R. 

 Christensen, T. Ekhart, R. Fricks, C. Hannan, R. 

 Keegan, L. McMasters, D. Mitchell, E. O'Connor, 

 S. Pace, and many others. Changes in canyon to- 

 pography were measured by the enthusiastic S. 

 Pace and W. Head. The work was partially sup- 

 ported by the Corps of Engineers in San Francisco 

 (DACW 07-72-C-0060), in Virginia (DACW 72- 

 72-C-0016). and in Vicksburg (DACW 39-74-C- 

 0151). We are indebted to T. Wakeman,R. Yancey, 

 and R. Engler for that support. The comments of 

 two anonymous reviewers were also very helpful. 



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