HOWELL: TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER 



Table 5. — Predicted values of yolk-sac larval weight, yolk-sac volume, weight, and caloric value, larval tissue weight 

 and caloric value, and calculated efficiencies at 8° C. AFDW = ash-free dry weight. 



'Yolk-sac volume times 0,059. 



^Yolk-sac larvae minus yolk 



^0.0121 minus yolk 



■•Larval tissue divided by yolk utilized times 1(X), 



^Yolk utilized times 4,2683. 



^Larval tissue times 3.6959. 



'Caloric value of larval tissue divided by caloric value of yolk utilized times 100. 



Table 6. — Predicted values of yolk-sac larval weight, yolk-sac volume and weight, larval tissue weight, 

 and calculated efficiencies at 10° C. AFDW = ash-free dr>' weight. 



Table 7. — Predicted values of yolk-sac larval weight, yolk-sac volume, weight, and caloric value, larval tissue weight and 

 caloric value, and calculated efficiencies at 12° C. AFDW = ash-free dry weight. 



'Yolk-sac volume times 0059, 



^Yolk-sac larvae minus yolk, 



^0,0121 minus yolk, 



■■Larval tissue divided by yolk utilized 100 times, 



^Yolk utilized times 4,2683, 



^Larval tissue times 3,6959, 



'Caloric value of larval tissue divided by caloric value of yolk utilized times 100. 



sac volume (Table 3). Analysis of covariance 

 showed that the rate of decrease was related di- 

 rectly to temperature. All coefficients were sig- 

 nificantly different (P<0.05) with yolk utilization 

 being fastest at 12° C, followed by 10°, 8°, and 

 finally 4° C. 



Efficiency was estimated as ash-free dry weight 

 of yolk converted into ash-free dry weight of larval 

 tissue at all four temperatures. Overall efficiency 

 was considered as the calculated efficiency at time 

 of yolk-sac absorption. Values were lowest at 4° C 

 (29.89'f) intermediate at 8° and 10° C (43.8 and 

 42. 27^), and highest at 12° C (47.1%) (Tables 4-7). 



Efficiency in terms of calories of yolk converted 

 into calories of larval tissue was calculatecd at 8° 

 and 12° C (Tables 5 and 7). Estimates were ob- 

 tained by dividing the caloric value of larval tissue 

 at time t by the estimated caloric value of yolk 

 utilized to time t. Calories per milligram ash-free 

 dry weight of larval tissue at yolk-sac absorption 

 were 3.152±0.37 at 8° C and 3.696±0.23 at 12° C. 

 Analysis of variance indicated the two values were 

 not different (P>0.10). Efficiencies based on 

 caloric conversions were lower than those based on 

 ash-free dry weight. Larvae reared at 12° C still 

 ranked highest in overall efficiency (40.9%) with 



735 



