FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 82, NO. 4 



TABLE 31. — Changes in character states based on the most 

 parsimonious cladogram in Figure 70. Numbers under acquisi- 

 tion and reversal columns refer to nodes, three-letter mnemonics 

 refer to species of Scomberomorus , and four-letter mnemonics 

 refer to genera, i.e., ACAN = Acanthocybium. Two or more 

 components per cell indicate independent acquisition or loss of a 

 character state. Two or more states of the same character ac- 

 quired at a single node assume that the more primitive state was 

 transitional during the acquisition of the more advanced state. 



lia and southern Papua New Guinea; and com- 

 merson widespread throughout the Indo-West Pa- 

 cific. The fourth, cavalla, is restricted to the 

 western Atlantic. The genus-group name Cybium 

 Cuvier (type-species S. commerson) is available 

 for this group. 



Scomberomorus niphonius is the only species in 

 the genus with a straight gut. This species has 

 very small scapular foramina (character 11, state 

 2), a character state also found, evidently homo- 

 plasiously, in S. guttatus and S. koreanus. It is re- 

 stricted to the northwestern Pacific from China, 

 Korea, and Japan. The genus-group name Sawara 

 Jordan and Hubbs is available for S. niphonius. 



The munroi group is monotypic. It is defined by 

 the loss of the anterior process on the outer surface 

 of the head of the maxilla. It is restricted to 

 northern Australia and southern Papua New 

 Guinea. There is no genus-group name available 

 for this group. 



The semifasciatus group contains three species: 

 plurilineatus , lineolatus , and semifasciatus. This 

 group is defined by the presence of a greatly 

 expanded posterior end of the maxilla (character 

 5, state 3). Two species, S. lineolatus and S. 

 semifasciatus, share an additional specialization, 

 a wide parasphenoid (character 7, state 1). This 

 character state appears independently in several 

 other lines. All are Indo-West Pacific species, 

 plurilineatus along the coast of East Africa plus 

 Madagascar, lineolatus along the continental 

 coast from India to Indonesia, and semifasciatus 

 in northern Australia and southern Papua New 

 Guinea. The genus-group name Indocybium Mun- 

 ro (type-species S. semifasciatus ) is available for 

 this group. 



The guttatus group contains three species: mul- 

 tiradiatus , guttatus, and koreanus. This group is 

 defined by a high supraoccipital crest (character 

 14, state 1). Two species, guttatus and koreanus, 

 share the presence of auxiliary branches of the 

 lateral line (character 20, state 1). They also have 

 very small scapular foramina (character 11, state 

 2), a character state shared homoplasiously with 

 S. niphonius. All are Indo-West Pacific species, 

 guttatus and koreanus along the coast of Asia and 

 multiradiatus confined to a small section of the 

 Gulf of Papua off the mouth of the Fly River. The 

 genus-group name Pseudosawara Munro (type- 

 species S. guttatus ) is available for this group. 



The regalis group contains six Atlantic and 

 eastern Pacific species: tritor, maculatus, con- 

 color, sierra, brasiliensis , and regalis. This group 

 is defined by the presence of nasal denticles (char- 



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