FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 82, NO. 4 



metapterygoid (long, in contact); 9) ventral 

 hypohyal at least three times larger than dorsal 

 hypohyal (less than three times larger); 10) fifth 

 branchiostegal ray on suture between epihyal 

 and ceratohyal (on epihyal); 11) no shelf present 

 between dorsal and ventral arms of posttemporal 

 (shelf present); and 12) epihyal much longer 

 than deep, depth 58-62% of length (depth 66-98% 

 of length). 



In three additional characters, Scomberomorus 

 differs from Acanthocybium and Grammator- 

 cynus but is closer to the former than the latter: 

 ventral branch of palatine equal to or longer than 

 (87-107%) dorsal branch (slightly shorter, 112- 

 121%, in Acanthocybium; much shorter, 120- 

 123%, in Grammatorcynus); supratemporal much 

 deeper than wide, 49-79% (deeper, 84-93%; wider 

 than deep, 101-113%); and first postcleithrum 

 very narrow, 24-41% of length (narrow, 47-48%; 

 wide, 55-62%). Scomberomorus has a deep uro- 

 hyal; it is moderately deep in Grammatorcynus 

 and shallow in Acanthocybium. Scomberomorus 

 has a moderate to high number of vertebrae (40- 

 56) compared with other members of the family, 

 more than Grammatorcynus (31), but less than 

 Acanthocybium (62-64). 



Scomberomorus and Acanthocybium agree 

 with each other but differ from Grammatorcynus 

 in a series of 16 osteological characters: 1) supra- 

 cleithrum narrow, 42-62% of length (wide, 72- 

 75% in Grammatorcynus); 2) pores present on 

 dorsal arm of supratemporal (absent); 3) nasals 

 do not protrude far beyond ethmoid region (pro- 

 trude far beyond); 4) posterior end of dorsal 

 margin of urohyal forked (tripartite); 5) glosso- 

 hyal without teeth fused to bone (large tooth 

 patch fused to bone); 6) hyomandibula wide, 36- 

 52% of length (narrow, 35-36%); 7) angle of 



lateral and medial arms of fourth epibranchial 

 less acute (more acute); 8) anterior process of 

 second epibranchial not elongate (elongate); 9) 

 four or five vertebrae supporting caudal fin rays 

 (three); 10) no anterior process on second post- 

 cleithrum (prominent spinelike process present); 

 11) anterior end of first postcleithrum pointed 

 (notched); 12) base of third pectoral radial on 

 suture between coracoid and scapula (completely 

 on coracoid); 13) jaw teeth compressed and tri- 

 angular (conical); 14) ventral surface of para- 

 sphenoid convex (concave); 15) upper margin of 

 dentary longer than lower margin (lower longer); 

 and 16) posterior edge of ectopterygoid short, 

 41-63% of ventral distance (long, 64-68%). 



Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, 



Russo, and Zavalla-Camin 



Serra Spanish Mackerel 



Figure 47 



Scomberomorus maculatus. Not of Mitchill 

 1815. Ribeiro 1915:134-135 (Brazil). Lowe 

 1962:679-686 (British Guiana continental 

 shelf). Cervigon 1966:720-721 (description, 

 fishery; Venezuela), fig. 303. Bastos 1966: 

 113-117 (counts and measurements). Nomura 

 1967:29-39 (biology; Ceara, Brazil). Mota 

 Alves and Tome 1968a:25-30 (sexual develop- 

 ment). Mota Alves and Tome 1968b:139-140 

 (sperm). Fonteles Filho 1968:133-137 (fishery; 

 Ceara, Brazil). Nomura and Costa 1968:95-99 

 (length- weight relationship). Costa and Paiva 

 1969:89-95 (maximum size 125 cm FL; Ceara, 

 Brazil). Mota Alves 1969:167-171 (digestive 

 tract). *Menezes 1970:171-176 (food). Dahl 

 1971:278-279 (Colombia), photograph. Alcan- 



FIGURE 47.— Scomberomorus brasiliensis. Belem market, Brazil, 502 mm FL, USNM 217550, holotype. 



612 



