COLLETTE and RUSSO: SPANISH MACKERELS 



species of Scomberomorus: guttatus (20-41%), ko- 

 reanus (25-29%), lineolatus (29-35%), multi- 

 radiatus (27-33%), and munroi (28-44%), plus 

 Grammatorcynus (29-33%) and Acanthocybium 

 (30-39%). 



Grammatorcynus and some individuals of 

 Acanthocybium and at least seven species of 

 Scomberomorus have longer anterior processes 

 than posterior processes. The lengths of the ante- 

 rior process as a percentage of the posterior 

 process are Grammatorcynus (154-158%), Acan- 

 thocybium (91-156%), and the seven species of 

 Scomberomorus: sinensis (121%), semifasciatus 

 (111-116%), munroi (84-120%), guttatus (80-116%), 

 plurilineatus (89-113%), koreanus (57-105%), and 

 tritor (66-100%). The shortest anterior processes 

 were in brasiliensis (42%), concolor (52-65%), 

 and sierra (56-62%). 



Devaraj (1977:48) alluded to differences in the 

 relative depth of the anterior end of the antero- 

 dorsal plate, but we have found this very difficult 

 to assess owing to different sizes and conditions of 

 our material. Devaraj appears to be correct in 

 stating that the anterior end is particularly nar- 

 row in S. lineolatus. The broadest anterior end is 

 certainly in Grammatorcynus (Fig. 43d), which 

 Devaraj did not study. 



As Devaraj (1977:48) pointed out, a notch is 

 present on the ventral wing of the anterolateral 

 plate before it joins the other wings in Acantho- 

 cybium (Fig. 46c) but is absent in Scomberomo- 

 rus (and also in Grammatorcynus). 



Except for Grammatorcynus , no differences 

 were found among the three genera in the fleshy 

 bifid interpelvic process that is ventral to the 

 paired posterior processes of the basipterygia. 

 Grammatorcynus differs from Scomberomorus 

 and Acanthocybium in having a single interpel- 

 vic process. Auxis and Gymnosarda also have a 

 single interpelvic process, the former very large, 

 the latter of moderate size. However, there is a 

 posterior process from each basipterygium re- 

 gardless of whether the fleshy interpelvic process 

 is single or bifid. 



SPECIES ACCOUNTS 



Scomberomorus Lacepede 



Scomberomorus Lacepede 1801:292 (type-species: 

 Scomberomorus plumierii Lacepede 1801 by 

 monotypy, = Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch 

 1793)). 



Polipturus Rafinesque 1815:84 (replacement 

 name for Scomberomorus Lacepede, therefore, 

 takes the same type-species, Scomberomorus 

 plumierii Lacepede 1801). 



Cybium Cuvier 1829:199 (type-species: Scomber 

 commerson Lacepede 1800 by subsequent des- 

 ignation of Gill 1862:126). 



Apolectus Bennett 1831:146 (type-species: Apolec- 

 tus immunis Bennett 1831 by monotypy, = 

 Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier in Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes 1831) ). 



Apodontis Bennett 1832:169 (replacement name 

 for Apolectus Bennett, preoccupied by Apolec- 

 tus Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831, 

 Pisces). 



Chriomitra Lockington 1879a:133 (type-species: 

 Chriomitra concolor Lockington 1879a by 

 monotypy). 



Sierra Fowler 1905:766 (type-species: Cybium 

 cavalla Cuvier 1829 by original designation 

 and monotypy). 



Sawara Jordan and Hubbs 1925:214 (type-species: 

 Cybium niphonium Cuvier in Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes 1831 by original designation and 

 monotypy). 



Pseudosawara Munro 1943:68 (type-species: Cyb- 

 ium kuhlii Valenciennes 1831 by original des- 

 ignation, = Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch 

 and Schneider 1801) ). 



Indocybium Munro 1943:68-69 (type-species: 

 Cybium semifasciatum Macleay 1884a by orig- 

 inal designation). 



Diagnosis. — Scomberomorus differs from all 

 other scombrids in possessing a spatulate vomer 

 that projects anteriorly well beyond the anterior 

 margin of the neurocranium. 



Scomberomorus differs from both Acanthocyb- 

 ium and Grammatorcynus in a series of 12 osteo- 

 logical characters: 1) posterior horizontal edge 

 of metapterygoid longer than anterior oblique 

 edge (anterior oblique edge longer in Gramma- 

 torcynus and Acanthocybium); 2) dorsal arm of 

 ectopterygoid shorter than ventral arm (dorsal 

 arm longer or equal); 3) lateral wall of clei th- 

 rum wide, space between cleithrum and coracoid 

 not visible in lateral view (narrow, space visible 

 in lateral view); 4) epiotic crests originate on 

 anterior part of frontal bones (originate behind 

 midfrontal region); 5) many (more than 11) ver- 

 tebrae with inferior foramina (few, less than 

 11); 6) first basibranchial short (long); 7) strut 

 on fourth pharyngobranchial elongate (not elon- 

 gate); 8) symplectic short, not in contact with 



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