FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 82, NO. 4 



ment). Johnson et al. 1983 (age, growth, and 

 mortality; SE U.S.). Cressey et al. 1983:264 

 (host-parasite list, 4 copepod species). Col- 

 lette and Nauen 1983:61-62 (description, range), 

 fig. Saloman and Naughton 1983a (food in 

 SE U.S.). 



Types of nominal species. — Cybium cavalla Cu- 

 vier, 1829 is based on Marcgrave's description 

 and figure (1648:179) of the "Guarapucu"; there 

 are no extant types for this name. 



Cybium acervum Cuvier in Cuvier and Valen- 

 ciennes, 1831. Lectotype: MNHN A. 5781; Santo 

 Domingo; Ricord; 130 mm FL; selected by Collette 

 (1966:365); D XV +17 + VIII; A 18 + VIII; RGR X 

 1 + 1 + 7 = 9; vertebrae 17 + 25 = 42; upper jaw 

 teeth 8-11; lower jaw teeth 7-8. Paralectotypes: 

 MNHN B.2508, out of A.5781; Santo Domingo; 

 Ricord; 2(133-138 mm FL). A photograph of one 

 of the syntypes was published by Blanc and 

 Bauchot (1964: pi. 1, fig. 1, upper fig.). 



Cybium immaculatum Cuvier in Cuvier and 

 Valenciennes, 1831. Lectotype: MNHN A.5720; 

 Martinique; Plee; 157 mm FL; selected by Col- 

 lette (1966:366); D XV + 17 + IX; A 17 + IX; P x 23; 

 RGR X 1 + 1 + 7 = 9; vertebrae 17 + 25=42; upper 

 jaw teeth 9-11; lower jaw teeth 9-12. Paralecto- 

 types: MNHN B.2509; out of A.5720; Martinique; 

 Plee; 147 mm FL; and MNHN A.5780; Martin- 

 ique; Plee; 164 mm FL. Photographs of two of 

 the syntypes were published by Blanc and Bau- 

 chot (1964:pl. 2, fig. 12). 



Cybium clupeoidum Cuvier in Cuvier and Va- 

 lenciennes, 1831. Holotype: MNHN A.5784; "lie 

 de Norfolk, a l'oeust de la Nouvelle-Hollande"; 

 Broussonet collection; 302 mm FL; D XV +17 + 

 IX; A 18+ VIII; RGRi 1 + 1 + 7 = 9; vertebrae 17 + 

 25 = 42; upper jaw teeth 13-13; lower jaw teeth 11- 

 12. A photograph of the type was published by 

 Blanc and Bauchot (1964:pl. 1, fig. 3). The high 

 gill raker count and low vertebral number show 

 the type to be a specimen of the western Atlantic 

 S. cavalla as supposed by Bauchot and Blanc 

 (1961) and Blanc and Bauchot (1964) rather than 

 S. commerson as presumed by Collette (1966) 

 based on geography. The locality has been sup- 

 ported by Bauchot (1969), but the data or the 

 specimen must have been mixed with the western 

 Atlantic species sometime in the past. 



Diagnosis. — This species shares with S. commer- 

 son an abrupt downward curve in the lateral line 

 under the second dorsal fin (Fig. 50). Scomber- 

 omorus sinensis also has an abrupt downward 



curve in the lateral line under the first dorsal fin 

 but the lateral line gradually descends in the 

 other 15 species. Scomberomorus cavalla differs 

 from S. commerson in having fewer vertebrae 

 (41-43, usually 42 or fewer compared with 42-46, 

 usually 43 or more) and more gill rakers (7-13, 

 usually 8 or more compared with 1-8, usually 7 

 or fewer). Ventral process of angular moderate, 

 87-93^ of dorsal process as in S. sinensis. Ascend- 

 ing process of premaxilla short as in S. gutta- 

 tus. Anterior ends of pterosphenoid close together 

 as in S. commerson. Intercalar spine well devel- 

 oped as in S. commerson and S. queenslandi- 

 cus. 



Description. — Intestine with two folds and three 

 limbs (Fig. 3b). Spines in first dorsal fin 12-18, 

 usually 15 (Table 9); second dorsal fin rays 15-18, 

 usually 17 or 18 (Table 10); dorsal finlets 7-10, 

 usually 9 (Table 10); anal fin rays 16-20, usually 

 18 or 19 (Table 11); anal finlets 7-10, usually 8 

 (Table 11); pectoral fin rays 21-23, usually 22 or 

 23 (Table 12). Precaudal vertebrae 16 or 17, usu- 

 ally 17 (Table 6); caudal vertebrae 24-26, usually 

 25 (Table 7); total vertebrae 41-43, usually 42 

 (Table 8). Gill rakers on first arch (1-2) + (6-11) = 

 7-13, usually 1 + (8-9) = 9-10 (Table 5). Counts for 

 a large Brazilian sample (353 individuals, Me- 

 nezes 1969b), were (0-2)+ 1 + (5-9) = 6-11, usually 

 1 + 1 + 7 = 9. Morphometric characters are given 

 in Table 14. 



Size. — Maximum size 172.5 cm FL (female, 37.2 

 kg; Beaumariage 1973); common to 70 cm. The 

 all-tackle angling record is a 40.8 kg fish taken 

 off Key West, Fla., in 1976. In Florida, females 

 usually mature in their fourth summer at a mean 

 length of 83.7 cm, males in the third summer at 

 73 cm (Beaumariage 1973). In Brazil, females 

 mature at age V-VI, about 77 cm according to Ivo 

 (1972), at age IV and 63 cm according to Gesteira 

 and Mesquita (1976). Males and females grow at 

 roughly equal rates up to age V but then females 

 grow faster (Ximenes et al. 1981). They reach an 

 age of at least XIV (Ximenes et al. 1981; Johnson 

 et al. 1983). Length-weight relationships have 

 been published for Brazil (Nomura and Costa 

 1968; Ximenes et al. 1981), Florida (Beaumariage 

 1973), and Louisiana (Fischer 1980). 



Color pattern. — Adults have plain silvery sides 

 without bars or spots, juveniles have bronze spots 

 smaller than the pupil of the eye in five or six 

 irregular rows (Randall 1968:119). Adults have no 



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