FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 82, NO. 4 



eggs are large, about 1.5 mm in diameter and 

 number about 550,000-870,000 (Kishinouye 1923). 

 Immature fish of about 30 mm are found in April 

 and May (Kishinouye 1923). Eggs and larvae up to 

 35 mm TL are described by Sha et al. (1966) from 

 plankton net samples from Kiaochow Bay, Tsing- 

 tao, China. Although it feeds on small fishes 

 (Kishinouye 1923), no detailed food studies seem 

 to have been published. 



Interest to fisheries. — In the Inland Sea of Japan, 

 the main fishing seasons are from March to June 

 and from September to November (Hamada and 

 Iwai 1967). Angling and gill nets are important 

 gear in this region. There are also important 

 fisheries in the Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and 

 Bohai Sea (Liu et al. 1982). Ye and Zhu (1984) have 

 developed a bioeconomic model for this fishery, 

 estimating maximum revenue, optimum econom- 

 ic effort, and optimum energy consumption. The 

 annual catch reported by China, Japan, and Korea 

 varied from 60,733 to 77,356 t between 1979 and 

 1982 (FAO 1984). 



Distribution. — Confined to temperate and sub- 

 tropical waters of the western North Pacific, 

 Japan, Korea, and northern China (Fig. 58). The 

 northernmost locality is Vladivostok, U.S.S.R., in 

 the Sea of Japan (BMNH 1893.1.27.10-12). In 

 Japan, it is found from southern Hokkaido to 

 Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, west to Pusan, 

 Korea (CAS SU 31263), and Ningpo, Peitaiho 

 (Reeves 1927; ZMA 114.597), Cheefo (= Yentai) 

 (Giinther 1873; BMNH 1873:9.23.40; UMMZ 

 167374), and Tsingtao (USNM 130474) on the 

 Shantung Peninsula of northern China. Records 

 of S. niphonius from northern Australia and 

 southern Papua New Guinea are referrable to the 



recently described S. munroi (Collette and Russo 

 1979). " 



Geographic variation. — Morphometric characters 

 were compared for two populations of S. niphonius 

 by ANCOVA (Table 23): Japan and Korea (n = 9- 

 13) and China (n = 11-16). Null hypotheses that 

 the 2 sets of regression lines are coincident were 

 accepted for 21 regressions and rejected for 5 sets: 

 Sn-A, Sn-lD, maximum body width, PiL, and 

 orbit (bony). No meristic differences were found 

 between the two populations. 



Material examined. —Total 38 (86.5-788 mm FL). 



meas.: 31 (975-705): Japan (8); Korea (5); China 



(16); unknown locality (2). 

 counts: 38. 

 diss.: 2 (683-788): Japan. 



Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir 



Queen Mackerel or Kanadi Kingfish 



Figure 63 



Cybium lineolatum. Not of Cuvier 1831. Gil- 

 christ and Thompson 1911:41 (description; 

 Durban). 



Scomberomorus lineolatum. Not of Cuvier 1831. 

 Gilchrist and Thompson 1917:395 (Natal). 



Scomberomorus lineolatus. Not of Cuvier 1831. 

 Barnard 1927:803 (description; Natal). Fowler 

 1934:441 (Durban). Smith 1935:210-211 (de- 

 scription; Port Alfred, South Africa). * Wil- 

 liams 1960:183-192 (description, synonymy, 

 range), pi. 2. * Williams 1964:151-154 (distri- 

 bution, fishery biology). Merrett and Thorpe 

 1966:371-372 (references, range, size, biology). 



FIGURE 63. —Scomberomorus plurilineatus. Durban, South Africa, 598 mm FL, USNM 264809. 



652 



