FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 82, NO. 4 



1945:28 (description, range). Breder 1948: 

 127 (range), fig. Erdman 1949:301 (frequently 

 found in the West Indies). Fraser-Brunner 

 1950:160 (synonymy in part, range), fig. 32. 

 Baughman 1950:244 (previous Texas records). 

 Rivas 1951:225 (synonymy, diagnosis, range). 

 La Monte 1952:50-51 (description, range). 

 Bigelow and Schroeder 1953:348 (description; 

 one record from Gulf of Maine, Monomoy, Cape 

 Cod), fig. 183. Pew 1954:26, 28 (description, 

 range, habits; 3-ft specimen from Port Aransas, 

 Tex.), fig. 24. * Erdman 1956:317 (range, 

 spawning periods; Puerto Rico). Briggs 1958: 

 286 (range). *Mago Leccia 1958 (osteology, 

 comparisons with S. maculatus and S. cavalla), 

 figs. Cervigon 1966:720-721 (description; Ven- 

 ezuela). * Randall 1967:754 (food of 116 West 

 Indian specimens, 96.1% fishes). Bbhlke and 

 Chaplin 1968:573 (description, range), fig. 

 Randall 1968:117-118 (description, range, hab- 

 its), fig. 134 (photograph of Virgin Is. specimen). 

 Beardsley and Richards 1970:5 (length- weight 

 of 58 specimens, 213-835 mm FL, 0.13-4.88 kg; 

 Florida). Dahl 1971:278 (common in Colom- 

 bia), fig. Richards and Klawe 1972:14 (range), 

 94 (reference to Hubbs 1936). Miyake and 

 Hayasi 1972:111-3 (in key), IV-11 (common 

 names). Klawe 1977:2 (common name, range). 

 Erdman 1977:150 (spawn virtually all year; NE 

 Caribbean). Collette et al. 1978:274-275 (com- 

 parison with other American species of Scom- 

 beromorus). Fritzsche 1978:133-135 (descrip- 

 tion, larval development), figs. 75-76 (larvae). 

 Collette 1978:Scombm 6 (description, range), 

 figs. Lima and Oliveira 1978:13, 24 (common 

 name "sierra-penincho" in Brazil). Manooch 

 et al. 1978 (annotated bibliography). Collette 

 1979:29 (characters, range). Collette and 

 Russo 1979:13 (diagnostic characters, range). 

 Sacchi et al. 1981:3 (French Antilles). Koster 

 1981:55 (Isla Rosario, Colombia). Cooper 1982 

 (fishery in Jamaica). Cressey et al. 1983:264 

 (host-parasite list, 7 copepod species). Garzon 

 and Acero 1983:18 (Isla Providencia, Colombia). 

 Collette and Nauen 1983:75-76 (description, 

 range), fig. Finucane and Collins 1984 (repro- 

 ductive biology, Fla.). 



Types of nominal species. — Both Scomber regalis 

 Bloch 1793 and Scomberomorus plumierii La- 

 cepede 1802 are based on Plumier's drawing of a 

 specimen from Martinique, and there are no 

 known type-specimens extant. The pattern of 

 spots and lines in the color plate published by 



Bloch (color pi. 333) leaves no doubt as to the 

 identity of the species. 



Diagnosis. — The only species of Scomberomorus 

 that has a stripe on its sides (which may be broken 

 into several segments) with small dots above and 

 below the stripe (Fig. 65). Other species have 

 lines, spots, blotches, or bars, or are plain. Scom- 

 beromorus regalis possesses nasal denticles as do 

 the other five species of the regalis group ( brasil- 

 iensis, concolor, maculatus, sierra, and tritor), 

 has an artery that comes off the fourth left 

 epibranchial artery as do all the species in the 

 group except S. tritor, and shares a specialization 

 of the fourth right epibranchial artery (Fig. 7g) 

 with iS. brasiliensis and S. sierra. In these three 

 species an artery connects the fourth right epi- 

 branchial with a branch of the coeliaco-mesenteric 

 artery. Together with three other species of the 

 regalis group (brasiliensis, concolor, and sierra), 

 S. brasiliensis has a long posterior process on the 

 pelvic girdle (Fig. 46a), 62-90% of the length of the 

 anterior plate. Intercalar spine absent as in the 

 other five species of the regalis group and S. 

 niphonius. Pectoral fin covered with scales. 



Description. — Lateral line gradually descending 

 to midline on caudal peduncle. Intestine with two 

 folds and three limbs (Fig. 3n). Spines in first 

 dorsal fin 16-18, usually 17 (Table 9); second dorsal 

 fin rays 16-19, usually 17 or 18 (Table 10); dorsal 

 finlets 7-9, usually 8 (Table 10); anal fin rays 15- 

 20, usually 18 or 19 (Table 11); anal finlets 7-10, 

 usually 8 (Table 11); pectoral fin rays 20-24, 

 usually 21 or 22 (Table 12). Precaudal vertebrae 19 

 or 20, usually 20 (Table 6); caudal vertebrae 28 

 (Table 7); total vertebrae 47 or 48, usually 48 

 (Table 8). Gill rakers on first arch (2-4) + (10- 

 14)= 12-18, usually 3 + (12-13) = 15-16 (Table 5). 

 Morphometric characters given in Table 26. 



Size. — Maximum size 83.5 cm FL, 4.9 kg (Beards- 

 ley and Richards 1970). Sexual maturity in Flor- 

 ida is attained at about 350 mm FL for males, 380 

 mm for females (Finucane and Collins 1984). 



Color pattern. — Bluish green on back, sides sil- 

 very, with a midlateral row of yellow streaks of 

 variable length and small yellow spots above and 

 below this row (Randall 1968). Distal part of 

 anterior lobe of first dorsal fin black, rest of fin 

 white. 



Bloch (1793:pl. 333) included a color plate in his 

 original description of Scomber regalis. There is a 



Hf„S 



