COLLETTE and RUSSO: SPANISH MACKERELS 



color pi. 11. Breder 1948:127 (range), fig. Erd- 

 man 1949:301 (West Indies). Fraser-Brunner 

 1950:160-161 (range), fig. 33. Baughman 1950: 

 243-244 (previous Texas records). Knapp 

 1950:141-142 (food in Texas, shrimps, squids, 

 fishes). Rivas 1951:224-225 (synonymy, diag- 

 nosis, range). Taylor 1951:270 (popular an- 

 glers' fish taken by trolling; North Carolina). 

 La Monte 1952:50 (description, range). Bige- 

 low and Schroeder 1953:349 (description, range; 

 Gulf of Maine record, N Truro, Cape Cod), fig. 

 184. Pew 1954:26 (description, range, habits), 

 fig. 22. Mather 1954:292 (13 specimens, about 

 70 cm FL, in trap; Quisset, Mass.). Mather 

 and Gibbs 1957:243 (9 specimens, 600-700 mm 

 FL; Buzzards Bay, Mass.). Briggs 1958:287 

 (range). *Mago Leccia 1958 (osteology, com- 

 parisons with S. maculatus and S. regalis), 

 figs. Butz and Mansueti 1962:130-135 (de- 

 scription; N Chesapeake Bay; comparison with 

 specimens from Mass. and Fla.), fig. 2 (head). 

 Moe 1963:108-109 (most sought fish in Fla. 

 charter boat fishery). Collette 1966:365-367 

 (types of C. acervum and C. immaculatum; 

 both names synonyms of S. cavalla ). Nomura 

 and Costa 1966:11-13 (length-weight of 666 spec- 

 imens; Ceara, Brazil). Cervigon 1966:718-719 

 (description; Venezuela). Randall 1967:753- 

 754 (food of 22 West Indian specimens, 92.3% 

 fishes). Nomura and Rodriguez 1967:79-85 

 (age and growth, condition factor, 1,504 speci- 

 mens, 30-120 cm FL; Ceara, Brazil), fig. 1 

 (sagitta). Mota Alves and Tome 1967a:103- 

 108 (anatomy and histology of the digestive 

 tract), figs. 1, 2 (arrangement of viscera), figs. 

 3-7 (histology of gut). Mota Alves and Tome 

 1967b:l-9 (histology of gonads), figs. 1-11 (photo- 

 micrographs). Mota Alves and Tome 1967c: 

 173-175 (anatomy and histology of the liver and 

 gall bladder). Mota Alves and Tome 1968c: 

 31-32 (sperm). Fonteles Filho 1968 (fishery; 

 NE Brazil). Nomura and Costa 1968:95-99 

 (length- weight relationship, 104 males and 90 

 females; Ceara, Brazil). Randall 1968:119 (de- 

 scription, range, habits), fig. 136. Lyles 1969: 

 16-21 (summary of U.S. landings, 1880-1967). 

 Menezes 1969a: 15-20 (food of 798 specimens; 

 Ceara, Brazil; fishes compose main diet). 

 Menezes 1969b:175-178 (meristic characters, 

 osteology; NE Brazil). Mota Alves and Tome 

 1970:181-184 (histology and enzymes of pylor- 

 ic caeca). Beardsley and Richards 1970:5 

 (length-weight of 197 specimens, 585-1,500 mm 

 FL, 1.47-32.09 kg; Florida). Wollam 1970 (de- 



velopment, pigmentation, counts, and measure- 

 ments; 49 larvae and juveniles (3.3-31.0 mm 

 SL), figs. 4, 5, 6B (larvae and juveniles, 3.3-23 

 mm SL)). Dahl 1971:277 (uncommon in Co- 

 lombia), fig. Ivo 1972:27-29 (gonadal stages of 

 4,346 females; Ceara, Brazil). Moe 1972:16-17 

 (migrations; Florida). Alcantara Filho 1972b 

 (gill net and trolling fisheries; NE Brazil). 

 Richards and Klawe 1972:13 (range), 89 (refer- 

 ence to Wollam 1970). Miyake and Hayasi 

 1972:111:3 (in key), IV:11 (common names). 

 Dwinell and Futch 1973 (139 larvae and juve- 

 niles, 2.8-13.5 mm SL, all months; NE Gulf of 

 Mexico). Bastos et al. 1973 (canning; NE Bra- 

 zil). *Beaumariage 1973 (age, growth, food, 

 reproduction; Florida). Ivo 1974 (fecundity; 

 Ceara, Brazil). Berrien and Finan 1977a (spe- 

 cies synopsis). Erdmann 1977:150 (in spawn- 

 ing condition mainly in July and Aug.; NE 

 Caribbean). Klawe 1977:2 (common name, 

 range). DeVane 1978 (stomach contents; 

 North Carolina). Fritzsche 1978:121-125 (de- 

 scription, larval development), figs. 66-69 (lar- 

 vae). Collette 1978: Scombm 4 (description, 

 range), figs. Manooch et al. 1978 (annotated 

 bibliography). Lima and Oliveira 1978:6, 23 

 (common name "cavalla" in Brazil). Collette 

 1979:29 (characters, range). Collette and 

 Russo 1979:9 (diagnostic characters, range). 

 Manooch 1979 (commercial U.S. catches aver- 

 aged 2,541 t/yr over last 17 yr, recreational 

 catch statistics are inadequate). Meaburn 

 1979 (heavy metal contamination). McEach- 

 ran et al. 1980 (larvae off Texas coast). Fisch- 

 er 1980:1-21 (size, length-weight, sex ratio; 

 Louisiana). Sutherland and Fable 1980 (an- 

 nual migration from S Florida N to NE Gulf 

 of Mexico and W to S Texas in the spring). 

 MacGregor et al. 1981 (significant correlation 

 found between gonadosomatic indices and se- 

 rum estrogens in females and with serum an- 

 drogens in males). Fable et al. 1981 (tempera- 

 ture effects on catches; NW Florida). Lubbock 

 and Edwards 1981:150 (Saint Paul's Rocks). 

 Richardson and McEachran 1981 (larvae 2.0- 

 2.9 mm SL, pigment characters, measurements; 

 Gulf of Mexico), fig. 2A (2.3 mm larva). Naugh- 

 ton and Saloman 1981 (stomach contents of 139 

 juveniles, 103-309 mm FL; Cape Canaveral, 

 Fla.; diet mainly clupeoids). Sacchi et al. 

 1981:3 (French Antilles). Trent et al. 1981 

 (size composition and sex ratio; SE U.S.). 

 Ximenes et al. 1981 (age and growth; NE Bra- 

 zil). Morgan and King 1983 (tooth replace- 



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