COLLETTE and RUSSO: SPANISH MACKERELS 



of S. sierra, S. concolor, and Acanthocybium 

 identical or very similar). Johnson 1975:20 

 (procurrent spur not present). Shiino 1976: 

 231 (common name). Thomson and McKibbin 

 1976:46 (description; Gulf of California). 

 Klawe 1977:2 (common name, range). Fitch 

 and Schultz 1978:85, fig. 4G (otolith). Horn 

 and Allen 1978:39 (range lat. 36° N to 32° N 

 along California coast). Collette 1979:29 

 (characters, range). Collette and Russo 1979: 

 13 (diagnostic characters, range). Cressey et 

 al. 1983:264 (host-parasite list, 3 copepod spe- 

 cies). Collette and Nauen 1983:64-65 (descrip- 

 tion, range), fig. 



Types. — Chriomitra concolor Lockington 1879a. 

 Description based on a 21-in FL (533 mm FL) 

 specimen obtained in the San Francisco market 

 and probably originating in Monterey Bay. Lock- 

 ington stated that the specimen was "in the 

 possession of the Cal. Acad, of Sciences", but it is 

 not now present in the CAS collection. Data from 

 the original description are "D XV + 17 + VII; A 

 18 + VIII. Body color dark steel blue above, be- 

 coming silvery below; no streaks". 



Diagnosis. — The species of Scomberomorus with 

 the most gill rakers, a total of 21-27 on the first 

 arch, compared with 1-18 in the other 17 species. 

 It possesses nasal denticles as do the other five 

 species of the regalis group (brasiliensis, macu- 

 latus, regalis, sierra, and tritor). Like S. macu- 

 latus, S. concolor lacks the artery that goes from 

 the fourth right epibranchial artery to the coeli- 

 aco-mesenteric artery (Fig. 7d), but it has the 

 artery that comes off the fourth left epibranchial 

 artery as do all the species in the group except S. 

 tritor. Together with three other species of the 

 regalis group (brasiliensis, regalis, and sierra), 

 S. concolor has a long posterior process on the 

 pelvic girdle, 62-90% of the length of the anterior 

 plate. Intercalar spine absent as in the other five 

 species of the regalis group and S. niphonius. 



Description. — Lateral line gradually descending 

 to midline on caudal peduncle. Intestine with two 

 folds and three limbs (Fig. 3d). Spines in first 

 dorsal fin 15-18, usually 17 (Table 9); second 

 dorsal fin rays 16-20, usually 18 or 19 (Table 10); 

 dorsal finlets 6-9, usually 8 (Table 10); anal fin 

 rays 19-23, usually 20 (Table 11); anal finlets 6-8, 

 usually 7 or 8 (Table 11); pectoral fin rays 19-22, 

 usually 21 (Table 12). Precaudal vertebrae 18-20, 

 usually 19 (Table 6); caudal vertebrae 27-29, 



usually 28 (Table 7); total vertebrae 46-48, usu- 

 ally 47 or 48 (Table 8). Gill rakers on first arch (4- 

 8) +(15-21) = 21-27, usually (6-7) + (17-18) = 23-25 

 (Table 5). Morphometric characters given in Ta- 

 ble 16. 



TABLE 16. — Summary of morphometric data of Scom- 

 beromorus concolor. FL = fork length, HL = head 

 length. 



Size.— Maximum size 76.2 cm FL, 2.3-3.6 kg 

 (Goode 1884). 



Color pattern. — According to Walford (1937), 

 males are steel blue on the back, silvery on the 

 sides and below, and are without streaks or spots. 

 Females are darker, with two alternate series of 

 brown spots on sides. The spots on the sides of the 

 females are gold in life (Fitch and Flechsig 1949). 

 A black and white photograph of S. concolor is 

 included in Fitch and Flechsig (1949:fig. 75). 



Biology. — Little is known about the biology of S. 

 concolor. In the 1880's, they appeared in Monte- 

 rey Bay in September and disappeared in Novem- 

 ber (Goode 1884). There are no references to eggs, 

 larvae, or juveniles (Richards and Klawe 1972). 



Interest to fisheries. — Some accounts indicate 



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