COLLETTE and RUSSO: SPANISH MACKERELS 



112 (Guerrero, Pacific coast of Mexico), pi. 29, 

 fig.l. 

 Scomberomorus sierra Jordan and Starks in Jor- 

 dan 1895:428-429 (original description; Mazat- 

 lan, Mexico; also found in Panama). Jordan 

 and Evermann 1896a:341 (listed). Jordan and 

 Evermann 1896b:874-875 (description). Jor- 

 dan and Evermann 1902:286 (description). Gil- 

 bert and Starks 1904:68-69 (description; Pan- 

 ama Bay; comparison with S. maculatus). 

 Snodgrass and Heller 1905:360 (Albemarle I., 

 Galapagos). Starks 1910:89-90 (osteology, ver- 

 tebrae 19+30 = 49). Kendall and Radcliffe 

 1912:96 (2 specimens from Panama Bay; de- 

 scription). Osburn and Nichols 1916: 158 ( Agua 

 Verde Bay; Gulf of California). Evermann and 

 Radcliffe 1917:55-56 (synonymy, description; 

 specimen from Paita, Peru). Starks 1918:120- 

 121 (description, occurrence), fig. 64. Higgins 

 1920:33-34 (imported to San Diego from Mex- 

 ico). Craig 1926:167 (used locally; Calexico, 

 Mexico). Ulrey 1929:6 (Gulf of California). 

 Jordan et al. 1930:257 (listed). Croker 1933:14- 

 15 (fishery), fig. 3, fig. 59 (yearly deliveries to 

 San Diego and San Pedro by California boats 

 fishing off Baja California). Breder 1936:11 

 (specimen taken by second "Pawnee" expedi- 

 tion). Walford 1937:24-25 (description, range, 

 angling notes), color pi. 39. Seale 1940:16-17 

 (taken along the coast of Mexico and in the 

 Galapagos Is.). Munro 1943:67, 71-72 (placed 

 in subgenus Scomberomorus). Fowler 1944: 

 172-173 (synonymy, description, specimen from 

 Balboa Harbor, Panama). Nichols and Mur- 

 phy 1944:240 (Bay of Malaga, and Buenaven- 

 tura, Colombia; more spots than in S. macu- 

 latus). La Monte 1945:29 (common names, 

 range). Eckles 1949:247-250 (description of 12 

 juveniles, 21-71 mm FL, 9 from Costa Rica, 3 

 from the Gulf of California; vertebrae (19-20) + 

 28 = (47-48), fig. 2 (21 mm specimen), fig. 3 (71 

 mm specimen). Fitch and Flechsig 1949:278 

 (compared with S. concolor). Fitch 1950:70 

 (comparison of 17 S. sierra with 30 S. concolor). 

 Clothier 1950:52-53 (vertebrae 47-49), pi. X 

 (outline of axial skeleton). Roedel 1951:510 

 (comparison with S. concolor). Mead 1951:121 

 (2 ripe females, Gulf of California). Roedel 

 1953:85 (Mexican species; California records of 

 S. sierra probably refer to S. concolor). Clem- 

 ens 1956:76, 78 (14 postlarvae, 12-22 mm SL, 

 caught at lat. 08°06'N, long. 79°06'W; 2 sur- 

 vived in shipboard aquaria for 13 d), fig. 2 

 (postlarvae 16.5 and 54.0 mm SL). Clemens 



1957:306 (specimens taken with bait net and 

 night light; Panama, Nicaragua). Collette et 

 al. 1963:53-54 (594 mm FL specimen, La Jolla, 

 first California record, comparison with S. con- 

 color), fig. 1. Clemens and Nowell 1963:260 (19 

 stations, Gulf of California, off Baja California, 

 Mexico, Costa Rica, Gulf of Panama, Gulf of 

 Guayaquil). Fitch and Craig 1964:202 (sagitta 

 similar to that of S. concolor). Quiroga and 

 Orbes 1964 (fishery; Esmeraldas Prov, Ecua- 

 dor). Klawe 1966:445-451 (occurrence of young 

 and spawning; E. Pacific), fig. 2 (11 mm speci- 

 mens). Fierstine and Walters 1968:4 (locali- 

 ties), 12 (aspect ratio of caudal fin; vertebral 

 counts), fig. 12D (caudal fin complex). Lindsey 

 1968:1988-1990 (muscle temperature 1.15° C 

 higher than surface water temperature). Ma- 

 tsumoto 1968:309-310 (jaw development com- 

 pared with that in Acanthocybium) . Wollam 

 1970:22 (larval differences between S. macula- 

 tus and S. sierra warrant recognition of S. 

 sierra). Erdman 1971:68 (gonads ripe late 

 Aug. to end of Nov., Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; 

 S. sierra distinct from S. maculatus). * Artun- 

 duaga Pastrana 1976 (species synopsis, Colom- 

 bia). Miller and Lea 1972:192 (description, 

 range), fig. Richards and Klawe 1972:14 

 (range), 95 (references to larvae and juveniles). 

 Magnuson 1973:350 (short pectoral fin). Sharp 

 1973:384 (electrophoretic patterns of hemoglo- 

 bin the same as in S. concolor). Shiino 1976: 

 231 (common name). Thomson and McKibbin 

 1976:46 (description; Gulf of California), fig. 

 Klawe 1977:2 (common name, range). Collette 

 et al. 1978:274-275 (comparison with S. brasil- 

 iensis and other American species of Scomber- 

 omorus). Horn and Allen 1978:41 (California 

 range lat. 33° N to 32° N). Collette 1979:29 

 (characters, range). Collette and Russo 1979: 

 13 (diagnostic characters, range). Phillips 

 1981:54 (El Salvador). Cressey et al. 1983:264 

 (host-parasite list, 3 copepod species). Collette 

 and Nauen 1983:77-78 (description, range), fig. 



Cybium concolor. Not of Lockington, 1889. 

 Boulenger, 1899:3 (Golfe de Panama). 



Scomberomorus maculatus sierra. Chirichigno 

 1969:75 (common names, Ecuador, Peru, and 

 Chile). Chirichigno 1974:325 (in key), fig. 641, 

 349 (range — S. Calif, to Bahia de Pisco, Peru 

 and Galapagos Is.). 



Types. — The original description was based on at 

 least two specimens: "Types, 1720, L. S. Jr. Univ. 

 Mus.; the largest 24 inches long" (Jordan 1895: 



663 



