COLLETTE and RUSSO: SPANISH MACKERELS 



22) Anterior epibranchial artery (Fig. 7). Ple- 

 siomorphous condition: unmodified. Character 

 states: O(unmodified), Kesophageal artery arises 

 from fourth epibranchial), 2(coeliaco-mesenteric 

 shunt arises from fourth epibranchial). 



23) Relative size of foramen between last radial 

 and coracoid (Fig. 43). Plesiomorphous condi- 

 tion: small. Character states: O(small), l(large), 

 2 (very large). 



24) Length of branches of palatine bone (Fig. 26). 

 Plesiomorphous condition: ventral branch much 

 shorter than dorsal branch. Character states: 

 0( ventral branch much shorter than dorsal branch, 

 120-123% ), Kventral branch slightly shorter, 112- 

 121%), 2(ventral branch equal to or longer than 

 dorsal branch, 87-107%). 



25) Width of supratemporal (Fig. 42). Plesio- 

 morphous condition: wider than deep. Character 

 states: 0(wider than deep, 101-113%), Kdeeper 

 than wide, 84-93%), 2(much deeper than wide, 

 49-79% ). 



26) Width of first postcleithrum (Fig. 44). 

 Plesiomorphous condition: wide. Character 

 states: 0(wide, 55-62% of length), Knarrow, 47- 

 48%), 2(very narrow, 24-41% ). 



27) Total number of vertebrae (Table 8). Ple- 

 siomorphous condition: few (31). Character 

 states: 0(few, 31), Kmoderate number, 41-56), 

 2(many, 62-64). 



28) Depth of urohyal (Fig. 31). Plesiomorphous 

 condition: moderately deep. Character states: 

 O(shallow), 1( moderately deep), 2(deep). 



29) Shape of metapterygoid (Fig. 27). Plesio- 

 morphous condition: anterior oblique edge longer 

 than posterior horizontal edge. Character states: 

 0( anterior oblique edge longer than posterior 

 horizontal edge), Kposterior horizontal edge long- 

 er than anterior oblique edge). 



30) Length of arms of ectopterygoid (Fig. 27). 

 Plesiomorphous condition: dorsal arm longer than 

 or equal to ventral arm. Character states: 0(dor- 

 sal arm longer than or equal to ventral arm), 

 1( dorsal arm shorter than ventral arm). 



31) Vomer (Figs. 17-19). Plesiomorphous condi- 

 tion: not spatulate. Character states: 0(not spat- 



ulate), Kspatulate, extending beyond anterior 

 margin of ethmoid complex). 



32) Width of lateral wall of cleithrum (Fig. 

 43). Plesiomorphous condition: lateral wall nar- 

 row. Character states: 0( lateral wall narrow, 

 space between cleithrum and coracoid visible in 

 lateral view), Klateral wall wide, space between 

 cleithrum and coracoid not visible in lateral view). 



33) Epiotic crests (Figs. 11-13). Plesiomorphous 

 condition: originate behind midfrontal region. 

 Character states: 0(originate behind midfrontal 

 region), Koriginate on anterior part of frontals). 



34) Vertebrae with inferior foramina. Plesio- 

 morphous condition: few. Character states: 

 (few, < 11), Kmany, more than 11). 



35) Size of first basibranchial. Plesiomorphous 

 condition: elongate. Character states: 0(elon- 

 gate), 1( short). 



36) Strut on fourth pharyngobranchial. Plesio- 

 morphous condition: not elongate. Character 

 states: 0(not elongate), l(elongate). 



37) Length of symplectic (Fig. 27). Plesiomor- 

 phous condition: long. Character states: Odong, 

 in contact with metapterygoid), Kshort, not in 

 contact with metapterygoid). 



38) Size of dorsal and ventral hypohyals (Fig. 

 29). Plesiomorphous condition: ventral < 3 times 

 larger than dorsal. Character states: 0(ventral 

 hypohyal < 3 times larger than dorsal hypohyal in 

 lateral view), Kventral hypohyal >3 times larger 

 than dorsal). 



39) Position of fifth branchiostegal ray (Fig. 

 29). Plesiomorphous condition: located on epi- 

 hyal. Character states: 0( completely on epihyal), 

 Kon suture between epihyal and ceratohyal). 



40) Posttemporal shelf (Fig. 40). Plesiomor- 

 phous condition: no shelf present. Character 

 states: 0(no shelf present between dorsal and 

 ventral arms of posttemporal), Kshelf present). 



41) Width of supracleithrum (Fig. 41). Plesio- 

 morphous condition: wide. Character states: 

 (wide, 72-75% of length), Knarrow, 42-62%). 



42) Supratemporal pores (Fig. 42). Plesiomor- 



691 



