56 BULLETiy OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 



Newcastle hatchery, Ontario salmon trout.. 4, COO, 000 



Newcastle hatchery, Ontario speckled trout.. 50,000 



Newcastle hatchery, Ontario whitetish.. 3, 000,000 



Sandwich hatchery, Ontario do 50,000,000 



Total of eggs of all kinds 1 66,033,000 



These were divided by species as follows : 



Salmon, Salmo qninnat 3,000,000 



Salmon, Salmo salar 5, 983, 000 



Salmon trout, Salmo lacustris 4,000,000 



Speckled trout, Salmo fontinolis 50, 000 



Whitefish, Cortgonus albits 53,000,000 



Total 66,033,000 



16 EXPERIMENTS ^VITH SAf.MOiV IN SCOTl..4NI>. 



By FRANCIS DAY, F. I.. S. 



[Conclusions of paper read before the Linnean Society of London, March 5, 1885.] 



The unbiased investigator must admit that, so far as the}' have goue, 

 the experiments made at Howietoun among the salmonidw are pretty 

 conclusive on the following i^oints: 



(1) That male parrs and smolts may afford milt competent to fertilize 

 ova, but when from iish of the second season, or up to 32 months old, 

 it is (! always) of insufficient strength for strong and vigorous fry to be 

 raised. 



(2) That female smolts or grilse may give eggs at 32 months of age, 

 but those which are a season older are better capable of i^roducing 

 vigorous fry; while for the purpose of developing ova, a visit to the 

 sea is not a jjhysiological necessity. 



(3) That young m-dle salmonkhe are more matured for breeding pur- 

 poses than are young females of the same age. 



(4) That although females under 24 months of age may give ova, such 

 are of little use for breeding purposes, the embryos not becoming well 

 developed or vigorous, while the young when hatched are frequently 

 malformed. 



(5) That the size of the eggs of salmonidce varies with the age and 

 condition of the i)arent; but, as a rule, older fish give larger ova than 

 do younger and smaller ones. 



(()) Tlmt among the produce of every female fish there maybe found 

 variations in the size of the eggs. 



(7) That from larger ova finer and more rapidly growing fry are pro- 

 duced ; consequently that, by selection of breeders, races may be im- 

 proved; while it is only where segregation is well carried out that such 

 selection is possible. 



