BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 311 



fisli, 50 to 75 g'oiiig- to a huudred weight ; of this number 124,500,000 were 

 "klip tish,'' that is, codfish first salted and then dried; and 28,500,000 

 were " stock-fish," that is, codfish not salted but simply dried. The lat- 

 ter come exclusively from ISTorway. The most important countries from 

 which codfish are exported annually are Norway, 63,600,000 (35,1C0,000 

 "klip-fish," and 28,500,000 "stock-fish"}; Canada, 36,300,000, and New- 

 foundland, 33,500,000. The remainder is exported from the United 

 States, Iceland, France, Scotland, and Holland. Among the countries 

 which import and consume "klip-fish" and " stock-fish" the Catholic 

 countries of course rank first, Spain taking the lead with 37,900,000 per 

 annum, and the West Indies with 37,700,000; next come Italy and Austria 

 with a total of 18,400,000 ; Brazil, 12,500,000 ; Portugal, 8,800,000 ; and 

 Great Britain and Ireland, 7,100,000. The remaining 31,000,000 are 

 distributed among Sweden, Holland, the United States, South America, 

 Germany, Denmark, Russia, Finland, Belgium, &c. Europe consumes 

 about 60 per cent of the entire quantity, and America 40 per cent. The 

 total annual value of the "klip-fish" and " stock-fish" exported from 

 Norway was, during the period from 1806 to 1884, on an average 

 19,000,000 crowns [$5,092,000]. Taking the same average price for the 

 "klip-fish " exported from other countries, the average annual value of 

 the " klip-fish " and " stock-fish" brought into the markets of the world, 

 would be upwards of $16,060,000. Although this sum is of course only 

 an approximation, it nevertheless gives a fair idea of the great value 

 to the human race of a single kind of fish, the cod. 



Amebican catfish in Germany.— Max von dem Borne writes from 

 Berneuchen, Germany, on September 23, 1886, stating that on that daj' 

 he had caught 310 little catfi.^h, which were the 3'oung of those sent over 

 by the U. S. Fish Commission in July, 1885. 



FiSH-cuLTURE ON THE Feische-Haff. — Superintendent of Fisheries 

 Hoflmann, of Pillau, East Prussia, in a communication on the applica- 

 tion offish-culture to the Frische-Hafl', i3rinled in the communications 

 of the section for the coast and high-sea fisheries, Berlin, June, 1886, 

 stated that the ponds at Stobbendorf, in which the first experiments 

 with fish along the Frische-Hafl" were carried on, were stocked in spring 

 with mature bream {Abramis hrama) of both sexes. These became ac- 

 customed to the water by the time they were ready to spawn ; and ou 

 several warm days deposited their spawn, so that a large quantity of 

 fry could be raised. The young fry were fed with flour, and when suffi- 

 ciently developed were gradually allowed to i)ass through the sluice- 

 gates into the Frische-Hafl'. 



The seeming success of this experiment led to other attempts being 

 made, and three ponds were constructed near the little town of Tolke- 

 mit and stocked with mature specimens of Lucioperca nandra and fry of 

 the Coregonus Jararefiis. In spite of the greatest care, however, these 

 experiments proved a failure, as nothing more was seen of the young 



