second, third, and last Pre form a slight curve, the concavity facing posteriorly (Fig. 174). 

 Supracaudal gland with 3 to 4, infracaudal gland with 6 to 8, small but well developed 

 luminous scales, the latter filling at least three-fourths of ventral surface of caudal peduncle 

 (Fig. 174). 



Size: To about 60 mm. 



Least depth of capture: To 70 m at night. 



Distribution: All known eastern Pacific specimens are from near Hawaii. 

 Discussion 



The Lampanyctus macropter us -like forms from the eastern-central Pacific Ocean appa- 

 rently represent a species complex, or the species is highly variable in its arrangement of Pre 

 photophores. Although basically similar to the pattern of Pre shown in Fig. 174, the first two 

 Pre of the few central Pacific specimens available to me are much larger and more widely 

 spaced. In most respects I can find no differences between the specimens before me and the 

 figure and descriptions offered by Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis (1969, p. 50, fig. 61). All have 

 the VLO well below instead of at the lateral line; most of the AOa series appeared to be arched. 

 Because of the position of VO^ behind VOi,and not before it as in L. hubbsi, the name 

 macropterus is given to these specimens. Unfortunately, the specimens are not in good condi- 

 tion. Several have the Prearranged as in L. hubbsi, but with the VO^ elevated asinL. 

 macropterus. Much more study is needed for this species group. 



Because the species L. macropterus (Brauer, 1904) and L. nobilis Tuning, 1928, have been 

 confused, the following nomenclatorial history of the two is offered. Brauer (1904, p. 404, fig. 5) 

 described and figured Myctophum (Lampanyctus) macropterum. Brauer (1906, p. 249, textfigs. 

 166-167) offered a more detailed account (with two figures) of this species, but apparently he 

 had mixed material. Brauer reproduced the 1904 figure of L. macropterus (1906, p. 250, textfig. 

 166) again under that name, but he also showed what he presumed to be variations in the 

 position of the VO. and of Pre patterns in textfig. 167. In this figure the VOj is shown to be 

 directly over the VOj and the second Pre offset posteriorly so that instead of Prc2,\PrC3, and 

 Prcj, Pre,, Prc;), and Prcj are in an oblique line as in textfig. 166. The VLO is not shown in 

 textfig. 167. Brauer's textfig. 166 shows the VLO to be well below the lateral line but much 

 nearer it than to the pelvic origin, and the VO- as distinctly elevated but displaced forward 

 only to about its diameter behind a vertical from the VO,; the AOa series is markedly curved, 

 and the AOp-Pre series is continuous. Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis (1969, p. 50, fig. 61) offered 

 a figure (Fig. 174) for L. macropterus that is basically similar to that of Brauer's textfig. 166 

 but has the Prc series much like that shown by Brauer's in textfig. 167, except that the first 

 two Pre are shown to be very small and close together. 



The confusion of L. macropterus with L. nobilis is largely the result of two actions by Parr 

 (1928, p. Ill, fig. 20) in which he published a figure asL. macropterus that closely resembled 

 Brauer's (1906) textfig. 166, the major difference being a lesser elevation of the VO2 with no 

 forward displacement. Then Parr ( 193 1 , p. 29, fig. 1 1 ) offered a figure of L. nobilis that differed 

 from his figure of L. macropterus partly in that the AOa series was shown to be level. He stated 

 that this figure was verified by Tuning to be that of nobilis by direct comparison with the type. 

 Without mention of depicted difference in curvature of the AOa series, Parr ( 1931 ) placed his 

 1928 version of L. macropterus in the synonymy of L. nobilis. Nafpaktitis and Nafpaktitis 

 (1969, p. 49, fig. 59) presented a figure of the holotype of L. nobilis (53.5 mm, DANA Station 

 1185 XI, 17° 41' N, 60° 58" W) showing the AOa series to be markedly curved anteriorly. Thus, 

 this figure is more similar to Parr's 1928 illustration of L. macropterus than to his 1931 

 illustration of L. nobilis. 



187 



