10a. VO and AOa series distinctly curved. VO2 elevated but not displaced forward, VO series 

 about evenly spaced. VLO nearer lateral line than to pelvic base. SAO, slightly above 

 level of SAO2; a line through them passes slightly below VLO and far below PLO. Seven 

 to 9 luminous scales in infracaudal gland L. festivus 



10b. VO and AOa series in straight or very slightly curved line 11 



11a. SAO, above level of SAOj. VLO much nearer lateral line than to pelvic base. Line 

 through SAO2, SAOi, and VLO passes near PLO. Five to 6 luminous scales in infracaudal 

 gland L. steinbecki 



1 lb. SAOi on or below level of SAO^. VLO about midway between lateral line and pelvic base. 

 Line through SAO2, SAO,, and VLO passes far below PLO. Six luminous scales in 

 infracaudal gland L. tenuiformis 



12a. VO.j moderately elevated but not displaced forward. VLO about midway between lateral 

 line and pelvic base, slightly above or on a line from PLO to SAO,. SAO, distinctly below 

 level of SAO2. Prcj usually notably well back on bases of caudal rays; Prc3.^ interspace 

 somewhat greater than that between the others L. nobilis 



12b. VO2 markedly elevated and displaced forward to near VO, 13 



13a. VO2 elevated and displaced forward to before vertical from VO,. VLO at lateral line. Prcj 

 offset posteriorly to below Prc;,. First, third, and fourth Pre form a straight, steeply 

 oblique line. Three or 4 AOp over anal base L. hubbsi 



13b. VO2 elevated and displaced forward to slightly behind vertical from VOi. VLO several of 

 its diameters below lateral line 14 



14a. Prc2 slightly offset to under or behind Prc.^; first 2 Prc often smaller than last 2. One, 

 rarely 2, AOp over anal base. Seven to 8 luminous scales in 

 infracaudal gland L. macropterus 



14b. Prc2 not offset posteriorly, but forms a steeply oblique line with iPrCujnd Prc^ 15 



15a. PVO, over or slightly before a vertical from PVO2. Prc2 not offset posteriorly. Two or 3 

 AOp over anal base. Seven to 9 luminous scales in infracaudal gland L. omostigma 



15b. PVOi well behind vertical from PVO2. Infracaudal gland short, with 5 or 6 (4-7) luminous 

 scales, filling no more than 75% (usually much less) of infracaudal space L.parvicauda 



16a. AOa series abruptly angulate, not evenly curved. Extra PLO close above and behind 

 origin of pectoral fin 17 



16b. AOa series straight or evenly curves; AOa^ and/or AOaa may be slightly depressed. No 

 extra PLO 18 



17a. Second to fourth AOa variously and abruptly elevated; first, fifth, and succeeding ones 

 never elevated. Extra PLO near pectoral origin strongly developed. Secondary photo- 

 phores weakly developed, persistant only near lateral line L.jordani 



17b. Only A0a2 and AOa:i abruptly elevated (often only slightly so). Extra PLO well de- 

 veloped. Secondary photophores very weakly developed L. simulator 



18a. Three to 5 luminous scales in infracaudal gland 19 



18b. Seven to 9 luminous scales in infracaudal gland 20 



19a. No luminous scale at base of adipose fin. VLO about midway between lateral line and 

 pelvic base. AOa series slightly curved. Secondary photophores well developed. Pectoral 

 fin reaching to about AOa, L.pusillus 



19b. Luminous scale present at base of adipose fin 21 



20a. Gill rakers 3-4 -1- 1 -1- 8-9. VLO at lateral line. One cheek photophore; secondary photo- 

 phores prominent. SAO, about over VO:,. Pectoral fin long, reaching to Pol L. alatus 



20b. Gill rakers 5-7 + 1 + 12-14 L.australis 



21a. Gill rakers 6-8 + 1 + 14-18. VLO about midway between lateral line and pelvic base, and 

 behind vertical from VO,,. Secondary photophores weakly developed, persistent only near 

 Lateral line L. macdonaldi 



21b. Gill rakers 4-5 -H 1 -I- 9-12. VLO about over midpoint of VO,.,'; interspace. One or 2 cheek 

 photophores 22 



169 



