132 



ROBERT L. FERNALD 





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Figure 1. — Cantilever pier and pumphouse. 



tank is approximately 15 feet above the 

 level of delivery to the sea-water tables 

 and tanks in the laboratories; the tank 

 thus acts as a basis for a controlled grav- 

 ity-feed system to the tables and aquar- 

 imns. One of these receiving tanks manu- 

 factured by the Pfaudler Company is 

 shown in figure 2. 



The lines to the laboratories and the dis- 

 tribution system within the laboratories 

 are of Pyrex glass pipe with standard rub- 

 ber gaskets and aluminum flanges. The 

 outlets to the individual sea-water tables 

 and aquariums are devised from regular 

 4- and 6-mm. laboratory stopcocks. The 

 assembly for the stopcocks is illustrated 

 in figure 3. These have proven to be high- 

 ly satisfactory and far less expensive than 

 other commercially available glass spigots. 



The systems differ in the type of piping 

 used to conduct the water from the pump- 

 ing station to the receiving tanks. The 

 oldest system, installed in 1950, and the 

 newest, installed in 1962, are of Pyrex 

 glass pipe, 2 and 3 inches in diameter re- 

 spectively. Each of these lines is insu- 

 lated against temperature variation by en- 

 closure in a sheeting of aluminum over a 

 i/^-inch thickness of glass wool in the 2- 

 inch line and foam rubber of similar thick- 

 ness in the 3-inch line. This insulation 

 insures delivery to the sea-water table of 

 sea water of a temperature essentially 

 characteristic of that in the channel from 

 which it was taken. On the hottest days 

 of the summer, when the temperature is 

 approximately 90° F., the change in tem- 

 perature of the sea water is less than 0.5° 



