crab pot near Cedar Island, Carteret County, N.C., 

 in December 1958 (Williams 1965), and one doubt- 

 ful occurrence near Beaufort, N.C. (Hay and Shore 

 1918). New substantiated records are given in 

 Table 1. 



Callinectes bocourti. — The distribution of C. 

 bocourti has been given as, "Jamaica and British 

 Honduras to Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil," 

 with "extraterritorial occurrences in southern 

 Florida and Mississippi..." (Williams 1974). Gore 

 and Grizzle (1974) confirmed Florida occurrences 

 with a note on a mature male from the Indian 

 River, Vero Beach, Fla., slightly larger than 

 our specimens (Table 1). At the time our female 

 was caught, it had a dorsal coloration much as 

 that pictured for the female in color photo 5 by 

 Taissoun (1972), i.e., carapace very dark olive 

 green, but chelipeds moderate "brick" red, much 

 as the male described by Gore and Grizzle (1974), 

 and underparts white. By December, the dorsal 

 greenish coloration of the carapace had faded 

 somewhat, yielding an underlying reddish tone 

 somewhat resembling the color of the male in color 

 photo 5 by Taissoun (1972). 



Discussion 



What are the explanations for these marginal 

 occurrences? Available evidence comes from 

 known life histories (rates of development and 

 growth, and movements deduced from seasonal 

 and areal sampling), current regimes of waters in 

 which the animals may have lived, and indication 

 of migrations from tagged individuals that have 

 been recaptured. 



Lobsters. — There are no known breeding popu- 

 lations of American lobsters south of Cape 

 Hatteras which is generally regarded as the 

 southernmost extent of the cool temperate Vir- 

 ginian Province (Wells 1961; Cerame-Vivas and 

 Gray 1966). Scott (1973), in a general review of 

 lobster life history, pointed out that: 2 yr elapse 

 between mating and hatching of eggs; hatched 

 larvae drift from 2 wk to 2 mo before becoming 

 permanent bottom dwellers; lobsters can be 

 reared experimentally in waters of 22.2° C (72° F) 

 to 0.37 kg (1 lb) weight in 2 yr, but require bVz yr to 

 reach this size in waters around Martha's Vine- 

 yard, Mass., and 8 yr to reach it in Canada. 



Movements of tagged lobsters in the region of 

 southern New England analyzed by Uzmann et al. 

 (1977) showed that although courses from point of 

 release to point of recapture cannot be interpreted 

 as straight lines, "...maximum movement of any 

 recapture was 186 nautical miles (345 km) in 71 

 days (2.6 miles/day)," and other tracks in excess of 

 100 mi (185 km) in from 29 to 86 days were 

 recorded. Shorter "...apparently directed tracks 

 of 50-87 miles (93-161 km)..." were traversed 

 "...within 22-41 days," the calculated ground 

 speeds of all these ranging from 1 to 5.5 mi 

 (1.8-10.2 km)/day, indicating "...that directional 

 movements in excess of 1 mile (1.8 km) per day 



are not uncommon " Moreover, these authors 



showed that offshore lobsters tend to aggregate 

 along the outer edge and slope of the continental 

 shelf during January-April, but become widely 

 dispersed by migration or random movement in 

 the shoaler, warmer water off southern New 

 England during May through December. 



The approximate distance by water from Cape 



Table L — Records of Homarus americanus and Callinectes bocourti from the Carolinas south of Cape Hatteras. Measure- 

 ments (millimeters): CL = carapace length in midline, including rostrum of Homarus; TL = total length in midline; 

 CW = carapace width including lateral spines, Callinectes. 



Rostrum tip broken, length approximate; abdomen damaged. 

 ^Maintained in aquarium in NCMRC until 4-5 October 1979 when killed at night by tank mate; abdomen damaged. 



^Carapace encrusted with two species of barnacles, singly and in patches. Largest of these removed and measured at greatest diameter 24 December 

 1979; Chelonibia patula (Ranzani), 7.6 x 9.0; Balanus venustus Darwin, 6.4 x 6.8. 

 "Few small B. venustus on carapace. 

 ^Measurement given to us. 



193 



