METHODS AND MATERIALS 



Standard lengths (SL) are used throughout. All 

 measurements were taken on the left side and 

 rounded to the nearest 0.5 mm. Head length is the 

 distance from the anterior tip of the upper jaw to 

 the posteriormost margin of the preopercle. The 

 illicial bone is the first spinous dorsal ray (Brad- 

 bury 1967). Sockets indicating missing teeth in 

 the jaws and on the vomer were included in total 

 tooth counts. The analysis of relationships follows, 

 in a general way, the phylogenetic approach 

 suggested by Hennig (1966) with the exception 

 that not all branching points in the cladogram 

 are formally named. The loss of convenience in 

 discussing individual sister groups by a single 

 epithet is outweighed by the avoidance of adding a 

 multiplicity of new taxonomic categories and 

 names, as well as the necessity of altering names 

 that are well established in the scientific lit- 

 erature. The relative primitiveness of character 

 states is identified by the procedure of outgroup 

 comparison as discussed by Eldredge and Cracraft 

 (1980:63). 



The osteology of Tetrahrachium ocellatum is 

 based on two specimens (AMS IB. 7177, 7178, 56 

 and 61 mm SL) cleared and stained with alizarin 

 red S following the trypsin digestion technique 

 of Taylor (1967). All additional material examined 

 for comparative purposes is listed in the Appen- 

 dix. Bone terminology follows Nybelin (1963), 

 Bradbury (1967), and Pietsch (1972). In osteo- 

 logical drawings cartilage is stippled, and where 

 necessary for clarity, open spaces are rendered 

 in solid black. 



Material is deposited in the following insti- 

 tutions: 



AMS: Australian Museum, Sydney 



BMNH: British Museum (Natural History), 

 London 



KFRS: Kanudi Fisheries Research Station, 

 Konedobu, Papua, New Guinea 



MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- 

 vard University, Cambridge 



NMV: National Museum of Victoria, Mel- 

 bourne 



RMNH: Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke His- 

 torie, Leiden, The Netherlands 



USNM: National Museum of Natural History 

 Washington, D.C. 



UW: College of Fisheries, University of 



Washington, Seattle 



FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 79, NO. 3 



WAM: Western Australian Museum, Perth 

 SYSTEMATICS 



Tetrabrachiutn ocellatum Gunther 

 Figures 1, 2 



Tetrahrachium ocellatum Gunther 1880:44-45, 

 78, pi. 19, fig. C (original description, single spec- 

 imen, 51 mm SL, holotype BMNH 1879.5.14.618, 

 Challenger Station 188, south of New Guinea, 

 9°59' S, 139°42' E, 51 m). Gill 1883:551 (after 

 Gunther 1880; Pedicalidae of Gunther 1880:78 a 

 misprint for Pediculati). Regan 1912:283 (after 

 Gunther 1880; Tetrabrachiinae). Fowler 1928:476 

 (after Gunther 1880; Pedicalidae after Gunther 

 1880:78). Gregory 1933:394 (after Gunther 1880). 

 Whitley 1934:xxx (second known specimen). Whit- 

 ley 1935:249 (second and third known specimens; 

 Tetrabrachiidae). Berg 1940:499 (subfamily Tet- 

 rabrachiini of Antennariidae). Gregory 1951:224, 

 fig. 9.154C (obliteration of postopercular cleft by 

 branchiostegal membrane). Beaufort and Briggs 

 1962:222, fig. 50 (description, holotype reexam- 

 ined). Le Danois 1964:141 (after Gunther 1880, 

 Whitley 1935). Norman 1966:590 (in key; Tetra- 

 brachiinae of Antennariidae). Kailola and Wilson 

 1978:26, 58-59 (additional material, Papua New 

 Guinea). 



Material. — Thirty-six specimens, 17-67 mm SL. 



Holotype of T. ocellatum: BMNH 1879.5.14.618, 

 51 mm SL, Challenger Station 188, south of New 

 Guinea, 9°59' S, 139°42' E, 51 m. 



Additional nontype material: AMS IB. 5836, 64 

 mm SL, Townsville District, Queensland, 19°16' 

 S, 146°49' E, trawled. AMS IA.6003, 17 mm SL, off 

 Hayman Island, Queensland, 20°03' S,148°53' E, 

 9 m. AMS IA.6136, 27 mm SL, Lindeman Island, 

 Queensland, 1934. AMS IA.6759, 2(20 and 26.5 

 mm SL), Lindeman Island, Queensland, 20°27' S, 

 149°02' E, trawled. AMS IB.7173-7178, 6(42.5-61 

 mm SL), Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland (56 and 

 61 mm SL specimens cleared and stained). AMS 

 1.15557-281, 7(42-61.5 mm SL), Gulf of Carpen- 

 taria, Queensland, 17°29' S, 140°24' E, trawled, 

 5.5 m, 24 November 1963. AMS 1.19289-003, 31.5 

 mm SL, Alpha Helix, Arafura Sea, 10°27.5' S, 

 136°47.0 ' E, trawled on bottom of mud, gravel, and 

 shells, 55 m, 17 March 1975. AMS 1.20907-041, 

 41.5 mm, south of Cooktown, Queensland, 16°01' 

 S, 145°29' E, trawled on bottom of mud and shells, 

 20 m, 6 February 1979. 



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