HAYNES: EARLY ZOEAL STAGES OF HIPPOLYTIDAE 



Table 3. — Range of morphological and developmental characters used to define zoeae of Spirontocaris s.s. and 



related genera. (? = unknown.) 



Characters 



Genus 



Number of 

 zoeal stages 



Number of pereopods 

 In Stage I 



Rostrum in 

 Stage I 



Pereopods bearing 



exopodites in 

 later zoeal stages 



References' 



Lebbeus sp. 

 Eualus sp 

 Spirontocaris s.s. 

 Heptacarpus sp. 

 Thoralus sp 



2,3 

 5-9 

 5 

 ? 



9 



5 



0,24,25 

 25 



0,25 

 



long 



absent to long 

 absent to long 

 absent, minute 

 absent, minute 







3,4 

 2 

 ? 



3 



1,2,3 

 1,3.4,5,6, 

 1,3,4,6,8 

 1.5 



4, 9, 10 



' 1) Haynes 1978. 2) this report, 3) Ivanov 1971, 4) Pike and Williamson 1961, 5) Needier 1934. 6) Williamson 1957, 7) Lebour 1940, 

 8) Lebour 1937 9) Lebour 1932, 10) Lebour 1936. 

 ^Undeveloped pereopods. 



ochotensis is absent. Stage I zoeae of both E. 

 suckleyi and E. fabricii have large rostrums 

 (about one-half the length of the carapace) and, 

 therefore, correspond to Pike and Williamson's 

 Eualus Group 1 but also have some of the char- 

 acters of Group 2. Additionally, zoeae of E. suck- 

 leyi and E. fabricii have five pairs of undeveloped 

 pereopods rather than four pairs of undeveloped 

 pereopods like Stage I zoeae of E. gaimardii. The 

 genus Heptacarpus is characterized by Pike and 

 Williamson (1961) by the absence of both rostrum 

 and pereopods in Stage I, but Stage I zoeae of//. 

 camtschaticus have both a minute rostrum and all 

 five pairs of undeveloped pereopods. 



Although my new descriptions of zoeae extend 

 the range of morphological characters of the genus 

 Spirontocaris s.l. and partially invalidate the 

 generic groupings used by Pike and Williamson 

 (1961), these new descriptions confirm their find- 

 ings of great morphological variation of the zoeae 

 of Spirontocaris s.l. The range of two to nine 

 zoeal stages among the species is unequalled in 

 any described genus. Usually Stage I zoeae of a 

 caridean genus vary little in the degree of devel- 

 opment at hatching, but Spirontocaris s.l. in- 

 cludes some species that have Stage I zoeae with 

 all appendages, except uropods, present and seg- 

 mented and other species of Stage I zoeae that 

 have no trace of appendages posterior to the 

 maxillipeds. The size of the zoeal rostrum is 

 frequently of generic importance. Among species 

 of tha spirontocarid group, the rostrum varies 

 from being absent to large. Also, the number of 

 pereopods with exopodites in later zoeal stages is 

 constant throughout known zoeae of nearly all 

 caridean genera except Spirontocaris s.l., which 

 may have 0, 2, 3, or 4 pereopods (Pike and 

 Williamson 1961). The wide range in morphology 

 of different species in the Spirontocaris s.l. sup- 

 ports Pike and Williamson's (1961) suggestion 

 that it be accorded suprageneric, rather than 

 generic, status. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



I thank Terry Butler, Pacific Biological Station, 

 Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada, for identi- 

 fying the ovigerous females used in this study and 

 for providing information on the taxonomy and 

 number of hippolytid shrimp described from the 

 North Pacific Ocean. 



LITERATURE CITED 



FROST, N. 



1936. Decapod larvae from Newfoundland waters. Div. 

 Fish. Res., Newfoundland, Rep. Faunistic Ser. 1:11-24. 

 GURNEY, R. 



1942. Larvae of decapod Crustacea. Ray Soc. (Lond.) 

 Publ. 129, 306 p. 



HAYNES, E. 



1976. Description of zoeae of coonstripe shrimp, Pandalus 

 hypsinotus, reared in the laboratory. Fish. Bull., U.S. 

 74:323-342. 



1978. Description of larvae of a hippolytid shrimp, Lebbeus 

 groenlandicus . reared in situ in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. 

 Fish. Bull., U.S. 76:457-465. 



1980. Stage I zoeae of a crangonid shrimp, Crangon 

 franciscorum angustimana, hatched from ovigerous fe- 

 males collected in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Fish. Bull., 

 U.S. 77:991-995. 



HOLTHUIS, L. B. 



1947. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part IX. 

 The Hippolytidae and Rhynchocinetidae collected by the 

 Siboga and Snellius Expeditions with remarks on other 

 species. Siboga Exped. 140, Monogr. 39a*, 100 p. 



IVANOV, B. G. 



1971. The larvae of some eastern shrimp in relation to 

 their taxonomic status. (Lichinki nekotorykh dal'ne- 

 vostochnykh krevetok v svyazi s ikh sistematicheskim 

 polozheniem). Zool. Zh. 50:657-665. (Translated from 

 Russ., U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, Natl. Mar. Fish. 

 Serv., Div. Foreign Fish., Transl. IPST 651162, TT 

 72-50044). 



KR0YER, H. 



1842. Monografisk Fremstilling af Slaegten Hippolyte's 

 nordiske Arter. Med Bidrag til Decapodernes TJdvik- 

 lingshistorie. , K. Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk. 

 Math. Afh. Kbh. 9:209-360. (This work has not been 

 seen by the author.) 



439 



