FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 79, NO. 3 



Antennarius, Brachionichthys , Lophichthys, and 

 Chaunax consists of three spines. In Antennarius , 

 Brachionichthys, and Lophichthys (Figures 36, 

 37) all three spines are well developed, extending 

 above the skin of the head. In many species of 

 Antennarius spines II and III are membranously 

 attached posteriorly to the head; in Brachionich- 

 thys, and in some forms of Antennarius (e.g. A. 

 pauciradiatus Schultz 1957:100, fig. 7; A. randalli 



• Pterygiophore 

 of illicium 



Spine II 



Pterygiophore 

 of illicium 



Figure 36. — Spinous dorsal fin, left lateral view: A. Anten- 

 narius sanguineus, LACM 8125, 76 mm SL; B. Brachionichthys 

 hirsutus, AMS IA.6064, 69 mm SL. 



Figure 37. — Elements of spinous dorsal fin of Lophichthys 

 boschmai, UW 20773, 47 mm SL: A. Anteriormost pterygiophore 

 bearing illicial bone and dorsal spine II, left lateral view; 

 B. Anteriormost pterygiophore, ventral view; C. Second pterygi- 

 ophore bearing dorsal spine III, left lateral view. 



Allen 1970:518, fig. 1, 2a), spine II is membranous- 

 ly attached to the full length of spine III, and spine 

 III is, in turn, membranously attached posteriorly 

 to the head. 



In Tetrabrachium (Figure 13), all three dorsal 

 fin spines are evident externally, but all are 

 reduced in size; the greater part of spine III is 

 covered by skin of the head, only the tip emerging. 

 In Chaunax (Figure 38A), all three dorsal fin 

 spines are relatively well developed, but spines II 

 and III are laid back on the surface of the cranium 

 completely covered by skin and apparently non- 

 functional (a similar situation is found in Histio- 

 phryne, a highly specialized genus of the Anten- 

 nariidae). The illicial bone (dorsal spine I), when 

 retracted, comes to lie within an aperture on the 

 face between the nostrils and eyes, called the 

 illicial cavity (Figure 39A; Bradbury 1967). 



In Dibranchus (Figure 38B), dorsal spine III 

 and its pterygiophore are absent. Spine II is 

 reduced to a small vestige of bone (the "H-shaped" 

 bone of Bradbury 1967:402, fig. 1) lying on, or often 

 fused to the anteriormost pterygiophore just be- 

 hind the articulation of the pterygiophore and the 

 illicial bone. As in Chaunax, the illicial bone, 

 when retracted, comes to lie within an illicial 

 cavity (Figure 39B, C). 



In Tetrabrachium, Antennarius, Lophichthys, 

 and Brachionighthys (Figures 13, 36-37), the ante- 

 riormost pterygiophore that supports the illicial 

 bone and dorsal spine II, and the second pterygio- 

 phore that supports dorsal spine III have highly 

 compressed, bladelike dorsal expansions. Each 



Spine III 



Pterygiophore 

 of illicium 



Pterygiophore 

 of illicium 



Figure 38. — Spinous dorsal fin, left lateral views: A. Chaunax 

 pictus, UW 20770, 90 mm SL; B. Dibranchus atlanticus, MCZ 

 51257, 105 mm SL. 



410 



