408 



FISHERY BULLETIN OF THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



is also indicated in the winter geostrophic current 

 chart (chart IV). In the southern half, the flow 

 is probably parallel to the isotherms. 



The picture, therefore, is one of dilation and 

 contraction of the North Pacific Central and the 

 North Pacific Equatorial systems associated with 

 the seasonal variation in the intensity and position 

 of the surface currents. 



This model can be monitored by means of a 

 "characteristic heating curve," which is produced 

 simply by plotting the rate of change of surface 

 temperature at any given location. The curve 

 for Koko Head, Oahu (fig. 20) showed, for ex- 

 ample, that in 1955 the North Pacific Central 

 system near Hawaii was displaced northward, and 

 in 1957 southward. Varied magnitudes and dis- 

 placements in the characteristic fluctuations of 

 the curve reflected changes both in the intensity 

 and time of the advection periods. 



Retm-ning to the original motivation for this 

 climatic study, one finds that the Hawaii skipjack 

 season coincides with the period from April or 

 May to September or October, when the boundary 

 of the North Pacific Central types of water passes 

 Oahu in its northward and southward motion, re- 

 spectively. This may mean that the availability 

 of skipjack is associated with either the transition 

 water of the California Current Extension and (or) 

 a dynamic effect which is produced when this 

 current enters the island area. 



In conclusion, Goshne and Brock (1960:21) 

 state that none of the Hawaii inshore fishes have 

 come from the North American coast. This pro- 

 vides independent support for the climatic model 

 according to which the Hawaii archipelago is 

 predominantly bathed by North Pacific Central 

 water. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Albbbcht, F. 



1951. A. Monatskarten des Niederschlages im 

 Indischen und Stillen Ozean. 



B. Monatskarten der Verdunstung und des 

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 Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes in der 

 U.S.-Zone No. 29. 39 p. 

 Austin, T. S. 



1954. Mid-Pacific oceanography Part V, Trans- 

 equatorial waters, May-June 1952, August 1952. 

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 1957. Summary, oceanographic and fishery data, 

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 Bruneau, L., N. G. Jerlov, and F. F. Koczy. 



1953. Physical and chemical methods. Appendix: 

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 Ill, fasc. II. 



Cromwell, T. 



1951. Mid-Pacific oceanography, January through 

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 Cromwell, T. and T. S. Austin. 



1954. Mid-Pacific oceanography II, by T. Cromwell, 

 and Mid-Pacific oceanography III, by T. S. 

 Austin. I^S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special 

 Scientific Report — Fisheries No. 131. (Part II, 

 13 p.; Part III, 17 p.) 



Fleming, J. A., C. C. Ennis, H. V. Sverdrup, S. L. 

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1945. Scientific results of cruise VII of the Carnegie 

 during 1928-1929 under command of Captain 

 J. P. Ault. Oceanography-I-B, Observations 

 and results in Physical Oceanography. Carnegie 

 Institution of Washington, publication 545. 315 p. 

 Gosline, W. a. and V. E. Brock. 



1960. Handbook of Hawaiian Fishes. University 

 of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 372 p. 

 Holtsmark, B. F. 



1949. Final report: the SOFAR project: Hawaiian 

 oceanographic survey, USS Fieberling, February 

 to July 1947. Report 139, U.S. Navy Electronic 

 Laboratory, San Diego. 58 p. 



Jacobs, W. C. 



1951. The energy exchange between sea and atmos- 

 phere and some of its consequences. Bulletin 

 of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, vol. 

 6, No. 2, p. 27-122. 

 King, J. E. and T. S. Hida. 



1954. Variations in zooplankton abundance in 

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 No. 118. 66 p. 

 1957. Zooplankton abundance in Hawaiian waters, 

 1953-54. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Special 

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 Leipper, D. F. and E. R. Anderson. 



1950. Sea temperatures, Hawaiian Island area. 

 Pacific Science, vol. IV, No. 3, p. 228-248. 



