718 



Fishery Bulletin 103(4) 



Castel, J., P.-J. Labourg, V. Escaravage, I. Auby, and M. E. Garcia. 



1989. Influence of seasgrass beds and oyster parks on 



the abundance and biomass pattern of meio- and mac- 



robenthos in tidal flats. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 



28:71-85. 



Cochran, W. G. 



1951. Testing a linear relationship among variances. Bio- 

 metrics 7:17-32. 

 Collie, J. S., S. J. Hall, M. J. Kaiser, and I. R. Poiner. 



2000. A quantitative analysis of fishing impacts on shelf- 

 sea benthos. J. Anim. Ecol. 69:785-798. 



Dayton, P. K., S. F. Thrush, M. T. Agardy, and R. J. Hoffman. 

 1995. Environmental effects of marine fishing. Aquat. 

 Conserv. Mar. Fresh. Ecosyst. 5:205-232. 

 Eleftheriou, A., and M. R. Robertson. 



1992. The effects of experimental scallop dredging on 

 the fauna and physical environment of a shallow sandy 

 community. Neth. J. Sea. Res. 30:289-299. 



Engel, J., and R. G. Kvitek. 



1995. Effects of otter trawling on a benthic community 

 in Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary. Conserv. Biol. 

 12:1204-1214. 

 Fonseca, M. S., G. W. Thayer, A. J. Chester, and C. Foltz. 



1984. Impact of scallop harvesting on eelgrass (Zostera 

 marina) meadows: implications for management. N. 

 Am. J. Fish. Manag. 4:286-293. 

 Green, R. H. 



1979. Sampling design and statistical methods for envi- 

 ronmental biologists, 257 p. Wiley, New York, NY. 

 Hammer, M. A., and A. J. B. Jansson. 



1993. Diversity change and sustainability: implications 

 for fisheries. Ambio 22:97-105. 



Irlandi, E. A., B. A. Orlando, and W.G. Ambrose Jr. 



1999. Influence of seagrass habitat patch size on growth 



and survival of juvenile bay scallops, Argopecten irra- 



dians concentricus (Say). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 



235:21-43. 



Jackson, J. B. C, M. X. Kirby, W. H. Berger, K. A. Bjorndal, 



L. W. Botsford, B. J. Bourque, R. H. Bradbury, R. Cooke, 



J. Erlandson, J. A. Estes, T. P. Hughes, S. Kidwell, C. B. Lange, 



H. S. Lenihan, J. M. Pandolphi, C. H. Peterson. R. S. Steneck, 



M. J. Tegner, and R. R. Warner. 



2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of 

 coastal ecosystems. Science 293:629-638. 



Jennings, S., and M. J. Kaiser. 



1998. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Adv. 

 Mar. Biol. 34:201-352. 

 Kirby-Smith, W. W. 



1970. Growth of the scallops, Argopecten irradians con- 

 centricus (Say) and Argopecten gibbus (Linne), as influ- 

 enced by food and temperature. Ph.D. diss., 127 p. 

 Duke Univ., Durham, NC. 

 Lenihan, H. S., and C. H. Peterson. 



1998. How habitat degradation through fishery distur- 

 bance enhances effects of hypoxia on oyster reefs. Ecol. 

 Appl. 8:128-140. 

 2004. Conserving oyster reef habitat by switching from 

 dredging and tonging to diver-harvesting. Fish. Bull. 

 102:298-305. 

 Myers, N. 



1997. Consumption: Challenge to sustainable develop- 

 ment. Science 276:53-55. 

 Orth, R. J., K. L. Heck Jr., and J. van Montfrans. 



1984. Faunal communities in segrass beds: a review of 

 the influence of plant structure and prey chracteristics 

 on predator-prey relationships. Estuaries 7:339-50. 



Pauly, D., V. Christensen, J. Dalsgaard, R. Froese, and F. Torres Jr. 

 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279: 

 860-63. 

 Peterson, C. H. 



1990. On the role of ecological experimentation in resource 

 management: managing fisheries through mechanistic 

 understanding of predator feeding behaviour. In Behav- 

 ioural mechanisms of food selection (R. N. Hughes ed.) 

 p. 821-846. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 



Peterson, C. H., and H. C. Summerson. 



1992. Basin-scale coherence of population dynamics of an 

 exploited marine invertebrate, the bay scallop: implica- 

 tions of recruitment limitation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 

 90:257-272. 

 Peterson, C. H„ W. G. Ambrose, and J. H. Hunt. 



1982. A field-test of the swimming response of the bay 

 scallop (Argopecten irradians) to changing biological 

 factors. Bull. Mar. Sci. 32:939-944. 

 Peterson, C. H., P. B. Duncan, H. C. Summerson, and G. W. 

 Safrit. 



1983a. A mark-recapture test of annual periodicity of 

 internal growth bands of hard clams, Mercenaria mer- 

 cenaria, along the southeastern United States. Fish. 

 Bull. 81:765-779. 

 Peterson, C. H., H. C. Summerson, and S. R. Fegley. 



1983b. Relative efficiency of two clam rakes and their 

 contrasting impacts on seagrass biomass. Fish. Bull. 

 81:429-434. 

 1987. Ecological consequences of mechanical harvesting 

 of clams. Fish. Bull. 85:281-298. 

 Peterson, C. H., H. C. Summerson, S. R. Fegley, and C. 

 Prescott. 



1989. Timing, intensity and sources of autumn mortality 

 of adult bay scallops Argopecten irradians concentricus 

 Say. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 127:121-140. 



Peterson, C. H., H. C. Summerson, and R. A. Luettich. 



1996. Response of bay scallops to spawner transplants: 

 a test of recruitment limitation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 

 132:93-107. 

 Pohle. D. G, V. M. Bricelj, and Z. Garcia-Esquivel. 



1991. The eelgrass canopy: an above-bottom refuge from 

 benthic predators for juvenile bay scallops Argopecten 

 irradians. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 74:47-59. 



Prescott, R.C. 



1990. Sources of predatory mortality in the bay scal- 

 lop Argopecten irradians (Lamarck): interactions with 

 seagrass and epibiotic coverage. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. 

 Ecol. 144:63-83. 



Ramsay, K., M. J. Kaiser, and R. N. Hughes. 



1998. Responses of benthic scavengers to fishing dis- 

 turbance by towed gears in different habitats. J. Exp. 

 Mar. Biol. Ecol. 224:73-89. 



Sanchez-Jerez, P., C. B. Cebrian, and A. A. R. Espla. 



1999. Comparison of the epifaunal spatial distribution 

 in Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and unveg- 

 etated bottoms: importance of meadow edges. Acta 

 Oecol. 20:391-405. 



Summerson, H. C, and C. H. Peterson. 



1990. Recruitment failure of the bay scallop, Argo- 

 pecten irradians concentricus, during the first red 

 tide Ptychodiscus brevis outbreak recorded in North 

 Carolina. Estuaries 13:322-31. 

 Thayer, G. W„ and H. H. Stuart. 



1974. The bay scallop makes its bed of seagrass. Mar. 

 Fish. Rev. 36(71:27-30. 



