BURGESS: FOUR NEW SPECIES OF SQUID KSOPLOTEUTHIS 



Young individuals: At ML 13 mm the photo- 

 phores on the mantle are arranged as small 

 clusters of large photophores distributed in a 

 definite pattern (Fig. 2Ba). There are a few small 

 and large photophores on the head, arms, and 

 funnel, and they are aligned in areas that cor- 

 respond to the adult pattern. At this stage there 

 are 17 to 21 arm hooks and 7 to 11 distal arm 

 suckers. The tentacles are shorter than the 

 mantle (TLI 84.6) and weak. On the club a single 

 hook, along with 16 suckers in two rows, is devel- 

 oped; however, the carpal area is not yet differ- 

 entiated. At ML 18 mm, 20 or 21 hooks and 14 or 

 15 distal suckers are present on each of arms I, II, 

 and III, and 30 hooks and 9 distal suckers are 

 present on arm IV. On the club, 6 carpal suckers 

 are set apart from 8 hooks (biserial) on the manus 

 and about 13 suckers on the dactylus. At ML 26 

 mm the photophore pattern of the mantle 

 appears more complex. First, additional photo- 

 phores develop between the clusters whereby 

 four oblique rows are present; and second, six 

 longitudinal rows of indistinct small white 

 photophores are present (Fig. 2Bb). This 

 pattern, although not as complicated, resembles 

 that of the adult. At this stage the clubs have 9 or 

 10 hooks, 9 or 10 distal suckers (biserial), and 5 to 

 7 carpal suckers. A ML 45 mm female has an 

 oviducal gland 2.0 mm long, and at ML 46 mm 

 the right ventral arm of the male is already 

 hectocotylized, although the lappet is still very 

 narrow and the tubercles on the arm bases are 

 minute. There is no indication of spermatophores 

 in the still undeveloped genital system. However, 

 a ML 50 mm specimen has spermatophores. 



Remarks: The present material can be as- 

 signed with confidence to E. reticulata (Rancurel 

 1970). The photophore patterns of the mantle, 

 head, and arms, and characteristics of the 

 tentacles and clubs are very close, and hook 

 counts (arms and clubs) overlap. Differences in 

 measurements are not considered to be signifi- 

 cant. 



Okutani (1974; 51, fig. 12a, b, e) described and 

 illustrated a specimen, labeled n. sp. (No. 1) in his 

 paper on the cephalopods collected at lat. 

 17°53'S, long. 126°18'W during the EASTRO- 

 PAC Expedition. 1967-68; I have examined this 

 particular specimen deposited in the U.S. 

 National Museum; it is E. reticulata. 



Enoploteuthis sp. A of Young (1978) belongs to 

 E. reticulata described here (R. E. Young foot- 

 note 3). 



The reticulated pattern is not unique. A 

 similar pattern has been described for E. 

 galaxias Berry, 1918. However, these two 

 species differ in a number of basic features. Ex- 

 cept for the mantle photophores, the pattern of 

 the light organs in galaxias is unlike that of 

 reticulata; there is a median row present in the 

 head of galaxias flanked by three lateral rows, or 

 a total of seven rows. A median row is absent in 

 reticulata. I have examined the type of E. 

 galaxias deposited at the Australian Museum, 

 Sydney, Australia. Unfortunately, the specimen 

 has darkened considerably and the photophore 

 pattern is no longer recognizable with an 

 ordinary microscope. The tentacles and clubs are 

 very different. The tentacular stalk in galaxias is 

 as stout as the arms, but in reticulata the stalk is 

 only a third of the arm width. The club of 

 galaxias has an expanded carpus, whereas in 

 reticulata the carpus is very slender. The carpal 

 suckers and pads in galaxias are arranged in a 

 compact oval area, but in reticulata they are 

 biserially arranged lengthwise in a narrow area. 

 The suckers of the dactylus in galaxias are 

 quadriserially arranged and quite numerous 

 (38-43), whereas they are biserially arranged 

 and very few (8-11) in reticulata. Lastly, the 

 rachidian tooth of galaxias has no cusps, but that 

 of reticulata does. 



The present collection data and those from the 

 literature show that E. reticulata occurs over a 

 wide area of the Pacific, Hawaiian waters in- 

 cluded, from lat. 28°38.5'N to 22°58'S and from 

 long. 164°04'E to 126°18'W. 



GENERAL DISCUSSION 



Since the description of Loligo leptura by 

 Leach (1817) and the subsequent designation of 

 this species as the type of the genus Enoploteuthis 

 Orbigny, 1848 by Pfeffer (1900), only five other 

 valid species have been described: E. chuni 

 Ishikawa 1914; E. galaxias Berry 1918; E. 

 anapsis Roper 1964; E. theragrae Taki 1964; and 

 E. reticulata Rancurel 1970. (See summary of 

 history, synonymy, and generic diagnosis in 

 Roper 1966.) 



Enoploteuth is dubia Adam 1960 was described 

 from a single specimen captured in the Gulf of 

 Aqaba, Red Sea. However, Adam in his remarks 

 was not certain that it was an Enoploteuthis. 

 With more material and information several 

 years later, he removed the species from 

 Enoploteuthis (Adam 1973). 



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