MILLIKIN: NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF FISHES 



nutrient requirements for the striped bass 

 and several coolwater fish species that sup- 

 port important commercial or recreational 

 fisheries, or both. 



6) A better understanding of the effects of 

 high dietary fiber on fishes is necessary to 

 evaluate the amount of interference of fiber 

 with enzyme action, changes in transit time 

 of ingested feed in the digestive tract with 

 varying dietary fiber concentrations and 

 effects of dietary fiber on nutrient absorp- 

 tion of fishes. 



7) Calcium and magnesium requirements in 

 fishes should be further examined for indi- 

 vidual species reared in different calcium 

 and magnesium concentrations or salinities 

 to further determine relative nutritional 

 importance of dietary and water absorption 

 routes of these minerals. 



8) Phosphorus requirements of fishes need to 

 be evaluated in conjunction with calcium 

 and magnesium requirements to determine 

 optimal dietary ratios of each macrominer- 

 al. 



9) Knowledge of requirements of fishes for 

 trace elements such as selenium, copper, 

 iron, and zinc is rare, thereby warranting 

 additional research. 



10) Better definition of quantitative nutrient 

 requirements of brood stock of various spe- 

 cies is necessary to ensure better quality 

 eggs and fry. 



11) Regarding better standardization of indi- 

 vidual fish nutrition experiments, panelists 

 from a recent fish nutrition workshop have 

 recommended that measurements for me- 

 tabolizable energy values for experimental 

 diets and digestibility values for macronu- 

 trients should be monitored and reported. 

 This is especially important in studies eval- 

 uating dietary protein concentration re- 

 quirements and optimal protein to energy 

 requirements of fishes. Metabolism cham- 

 bers used by Smith (1971, 1976) are the pre- 

 ferred method. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



I am grateful to Gary Rumsey, Hugh Poston, 

 George Ketola, Lowell Sick, Jeanne Joseph, and 

 Paul Bauersfeld for critical review of the manu- 

 script and to Sandra West for typing the manu- 

 script. 



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