FOUR NEW SPECIES OF SQUID (OEGOPSIDA: ENOPLOTEUTHIS) FROM 

 THE CENTRAL PACIFIC AND A DESCRIPTION OF ADULT 



ENOPLOTEUTHIS RETICULATA 



Lourdes Alvina Burgess 1 



ABSTRACT 



Four new species of Enoploteuthis (E. obliqua, E. oetolineata, E. jonesi, and E. higginsi) are 

 described, illustrated, and compared. Adults of E. reticulata Rancurel 1970 are described for the 

 first time. A key for all the species is provided. 



Cephalopods are important fisheries resources 

 in the Pacific Ocean. Thus, clarification of 

 cephalopod systematics, particularly from areas 

 where they are not thoroughly known such as the 

 central Pacific, is important. Because enoplo- 

 teuthid squids are deepwater animals that are 

 not easily accessible or profitable to fish, they are 

 not at present generally exploited commercially. 

 In Toyama Bay, Sea of Japan, however, the 

 enoploteuthid squid Watasenia scintillans 

 (Berry 1911) is fished regularly in the spring and 

 early summer when swarms of this species 

 migrate to the surface to spawn (Sasaki 1914). 



Cephalopods also play important roles in 

 marine food webs. They are the principal food of 

 many marine mammals, fishes, and some birds. 

 Reintjes and King (1953) found that 26% of the 

 aggregate total volume of the stomach contents 

 of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, captured 

 in the central Pacific consisted of cephalopods. 

 King and Ikehara (1956) showed that as much as 

 33% of the food of the bigeye tuna, T. obesus, were 

 squids, including Enoploteuthis sp. 



Berry (1914) reported on the cephalopods col- 

 lected on board the U.S. Fish Commission 

 steamer Albatross from the Hawaiian area; the 

 collection included enoploteuthid squids but 

 none of them of the genus Enoploteuthis. Species 

 of Enoploteuthis from Hawaiian waters and 

 the central Pacific are described here for the 

 first time and compared with all the known spe- 

 cies of Enoploteuthis in the world. 



Four new species of pelagic squids belonging 

 to the genus Enoploteuthis, together with some 



'Southwest Fisheries Center Honolulu Laboratory, Nation- 

 al Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Honolulu, Hawaii; present 

 address: T. F. H. Publications, Inc., 21 1 West Sylvania Avenue, 

 Neptune, NJ 07753. 



adults of E. reticulata, were identified during 

 the examination of the large collection of cepha- 

 lopods at the Honolulu Laboratory, Southwest 

 Fisheries Center of the National Marine Fish- 

 eries Service (NMFS), Honolulu, Hawaii (form- 

 erly Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological 

 Laboratory, Honolulu). 



The squids were taken from various areas of 

 the central Pacific on several research vessels 

 operated by the Honolulu Laboratory from 1953 

 to 1970. The fishing gear was either a modified 

 Cobb trawl, a 10-ft Isaacs-Kidd trawl, or a 

 Nanaimo trawl. The depth of fishing generally 

 was between 50 and 100 m; most of the fishing 

 was done at night. 



Details on the capture of the cephalopods re- 

 ported on here, including all holotypes and para- 

 types, are available from the original cruise re- 

 ports and logs on file at the Honolulu Laboratory. 



Type specimens are deposited in the cephalo- 

 pod collections of the Division of Mollusks, U.S. 

 National Museum of Natural History (USNM), 

 Smithsonian Institution. 



The terminology of the anatomical parts, mea- 

 surements, and indices conform to those general- 

 ly used for squids and in particular to those listed 

 and defined by Roper (1966): ML = mantle 

 length, CH = club hooks, CS = club suckers, 

 MWI = mantle width index, HWI = head width 

 index, FLI = fin length index, FWI = fin width 

 index, ALI = arm length index, and TLI = ten- 

 tacle length index. As in Roper (1966) the arm 

 length is measured from the first basal hook (or 

 sucker) to the tip of the arm. 



The ranges and means of indices given in the 

 descriptions were computed from measure- 

 ments of the male and female specimens listed in 

 Tables 1 to 5. This is not applicable to indices in- 



Manuscript accepted April 1982. 



FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 80. NO. 4. 1982. 



703 



