FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 80. NO. 4 



5K), the anterior much smaller than the poste- 

 rior. The aboral part of the spiral filament is 

 supplied with numerous intricate diamond- 

 shaped depressions separated by thickened 

 ridges. Two to four turns are present behind the 

 cap. A spermatophore examined has the follow- 

 ing measurements: 



Spermatophore segment Length (mm) 



Entire spermatophore 

 Sperm reservoir 

 Cement body 

 Spiral filament 



13.8 

 5 



2.8 

 6.0 



Some eggs taken from the ovary of the female 

 paratype (ML 53 mm) measured about 1.2 mm 

 each. 



Young individuals: Small individuals (ML 11- 

 16 mm) have relatively wider mantles (MWI 

 56.3-5P.4-63.6) and the photophores on the mantle 

 are scattered (Fig. 2E) as they are in the adult. 

 At ML 15 mm all the rows of photophores on the 

 head correspond to those of the adult with 

 respect to number and position (Fig. 2G). The 

 most medial row consists of several photophores 

 set close to each other as in the adult. All other 

 rows are composed of a single line of photo- 

 phores. At ML 12 mm the tentacles are robust 

 and longer than the mantle (TLI 108.3), more 

 than the length of the arm. The club has two 

 carpal suckers, four hooks on the ventral side of 

 the manus among a group of 16 suckers (pre- 

 sumably future hooks), some marginal suckers, 

 and numerous quadriserially arranged suckers 

 on the dactylus. The aboral keel is also developed. 

 The arms bear between 12 and 14 hooks and a 

 sucker at the base of one of the dorsal arms. 

 Thirteen or 14 suckers occupy the distal part of 

 arms I, II, and III, and 24 suckers on arm IV. At 

 ML 16 mm there are still 4 club hooks and 2 

 carpal suckers, but the arm hooks have increased 

 (18 on arm IV) as have the distal suckers. At ML 

 19 mm, 16 to 19 hooks are observed on the arms 

 and 6 to 7 on the club along with an increased 

 number of distal arm suckers and club suckers. 

 At this stage three carpal suckers are present as 

 in the adult. 



Remarks: The species can be easily confused 

 with E. jonesi; counts and measurements overlap 

 and both species can be found in the same trawl 

 hauls. However, a close examination of the 



material reveals a series of minor but consistent 

 characteristics that separate one from the other 

 even at a small size (ML 10 mm). At comparable 

 sizes the tentacles and clubs are similar in struc- 

 ture, but jonesi has 13 or 14 club hooks and 

 usually 4 carpal suckers while higginsih&s 11 or 

 12 club hooks and usually 3 carpal suckers. Both 

 have long tentacles, but they are relatively 

 longer in higginsi. 



Discrete longitudinal arrangement of photo- 

 phores on the mantle is wanting in higginsi while 

 a median space and identifiable rows are found 

 in jonesi. The arrangement of photophores on the 

 head also shows some differences: 1) The row 

 closest to the midline is multiserial in higginsi 

 whereas it is simple in jonesi; 2) isolated photo- 

 phores occur in the midline area of the head and 

 in the space near the eye in higginsi but are 

 absent in jonesi; 3) the row directly anterior to 

 the window is bifurcate in both species but in 

 higginsi both branches extend to the tentacular 

 sheath whereas in jonesi only the lateral branch 

 does; and 4) the row of photophores on arm III is 

 incomplete in both species, but in higginsi the 

 row rarely extends more than 50% of the arm 

 length (45-52% of arm length, 11 specimens) and 

 in jonesi the row is more than half the arm length 

 (56-85% of arm length, 18 specimens). 



Enoploteuthis higginsi, like E. jonesi, shares 

 many characteristics with E. chuni and E. 

 anapsis (see remarks section of E. jonesi), but the 

 scattered distribution of photophores on the 

 mantle is distinctive of higginsi. Rows do not 

 occur on the mantle in any stage of development 

 in higginsi. At ML 10 mm, or smaller, the rows 

 are already evident in anapsis (Roper 1966, figs. 

 22, 23). 



Specimens captured in Hawaiian waters 

 which were labeled Enoploteuthis sp. B and 

 reported in Young (1978) also belong to this 

 species (R. E. Young 3 ). 



This enoploteuthid squid is named after Bruce 

 E. Higgins, former fishery biologist at the 

 Honolulu Laboratory under whose leadership 

 most of the material was collected during cruise 

 32 of the RV Townsend Cromwell in Hawaiian 

 waters. 



Distribution: Central Pacific, Hawaiian, and 

 equatorial regions. 



3 R. E. Young, Department of Oceanography, University of 

 Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, pers. commun. 3 March 1980. 



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