HETTLKR and CHESTER: WINTER TEMPERATURE AND SI'RINC LANDINGS OF PINK SHRIMP 



landings (Caillouet and Koi 1980). On the other 

 hand, because of increased demand and higher 

 prices for shrimp, fishing effort is probably more 

 intensive in recent years. We did not consider 

 effort in our analysis because reliable data were 

 not available. Williams (1969b) concluded that 

 pounds landed almost paralleled his calculated 

 catch-effort index and therefore that actual har- 

 vest data satisfactorily represented annual pro- 

 ductivity independent of effort. Another source 

 of variability to be considered, the annual varia- 

 tion in the recruitment of postlarvae, was dis- 

 missed because Williams (1969b) and Williams 

 and Deubler (1968) found no relation between 

 densities of penaeid shrimp postlarvae and sub- 

 sequent landings. Similarly Lindner and Ander- 

 son (1956) found that a severe cold kill of adult 

 white shrimp in 1940 had no effect on the next 

 year's landings. 



A number of complications in relating catch 

 and climate were listed by Austin and Ingham 

 (1979). In our study, which began with a concep- 

 tual model of an organism and its relation to a 

 physical parameter, some of the following sug- 

 gested complications were mitigated: 1) A causal 

 relationship of temperature to production was 

 biologically appropriate, because the life history 

 and temperature tolerance of pink shrimp are 

 known; 2) the use of proxy data (air temperature 

 instead of water temperature) was avoided; 3) 

 major variations in the shrimp landings are 

 probably due to cold kill of overwintering 

 shrimp caused by cold-water temperatures (r 2 = 

 0.82); 4) while the quality of the biological data 

 (landings) cannot be judged, the length of the 

 time series (15 yr) is probably adequate; 5) an in- 

 terest does exist among fishery biologists and 

 managers in using environmental data and rela- 

 tionships for predictive, explanatory, or model- 

 ing purposes; 6) although environmental data 

 were point source, landings were from a geo- 

 graphical area (<100 km radius) sufficiently re- 

 stricted so as not to have masked biota-environ- 

 mental relations. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



We thank Dennis Spitsbergen, North Carolina 

 Division of Marine Fisheries, for information on 

 the distribution of juvenile pink shrimp and on 

 the spring shrimp fishery. Robert Quayle, 

 NOAA National Climatic Center, Asheville, 

 N.C., kindly furnished air temperature data. 

 David Peters, James Waters, William Schaaf, 



and William Nicholson of the Southeast Fisher- 

 ies Center Beaufort Laboratory reviewed an 

 earlier revision of the manuscript. 



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