the airway is closed. The duration of 

 the pause in Gigi 11 was ahout I 

 minute, and inspiration and expiration 

 together required about 2 seconds. 

 Two observations can be made from 

 this respiratory pattern (commonly 

 called ■■apncustic'"): I) a valve would 

 be needed in order to separate inspira- 

 tion from expiration, and 2) resting 

 lung volume is different from that in 

 terrestrial mammals, because in ceta- 

 ceans it includes the tidal volume. 



Accordingly, we fabricated nonrc- 

 breathing valves: first of approximate- 

 ly 5 inches diameter, and later (for 

 Gigi ID of 8 inch stovepipe (Figure 

 I), thus permitting us to collect un- 

 contaminated exhaled gas. For Gigi 1 

 a large, calibrated, counterbalanced, 

 bellows-tvpe spirometer was used: and 

 for Gigi 11. expired gas was collected 

 in 900 liter meteorological balloons. 

 The volume of exhaled gas was then 

 measured by emptying the balloons 

 through a calibrated dry gas meter 

 (Wright Respirometer or American 

 Meter Co.)' at a constant, known 

 flowrate. Aliquots of mixed expired 

 gas from Gigi I were analyzed for Og 

 and CO2 with a .Scholander apparatus, 

 and for Gigi II with a moditied Hal- 

 dane apparatus (Lloyd-Gallenkamp). 

 as were samples of end-tidal gas, ob- 

 tained from a port just beyond the 

 expiratory valve leaflet of the nonre- 

 breathing device. 



Resting lung volume was measured 

 in Gigi II by injecting 1.50 liters of 

 pure helium into the inspiratory port 

 of the nonrebreathing valve during 

 inspiration. The subsequent expira- 

 tion was captured, and mixed expired 

 gas analyzed for helium with a sensi- 

 tive, calibrated katharometer (W. F. 

 Collins). 



Arterial blood was drawn Irom 

 Gigi II bs percutaneous puncture of 

 the digital artery in a flipper with an 

 18 gauge 3 inch needle, and arterial 

 placement ensured by observing pul- 

 sations of blood through the needle. 

 Because of the configuration of the 



' Reference to name of firm does not imply 

 endorsement by tfie National Marine Fisheries 

 Services, NCAA 



arterial and \enular system, it is pos- 

 sible that arterial blood was contam- 

 inated at times with venous blood. 

 Some of the gas samples from Gigi 11. 

 and all of her blood samples, were 

 analyzed for O2 and CO., tensions 

 (/'02 and ^002' w''h a hlood gas 

 analyzer (Radiometer BMS-3). with 

 which blood pH could also be deter- 

 mined. 



From timed gas collections during 

 which the number of breaths was 

 also counted, respiratory rate, minute 

 ventilation, tidal volume, oxygen con- 

 sumption, and wasted ventilation (or 

 •dead space" fraction. ^jIV,) could 

 thus be determined by suitable analysis. 



RESULTS 



In the first few weeks of captivity, 

 each whale lost weight, but gained 

 thereafter (Figure 2). The rate of gain 

 during the first 8 months was about 

 200 kg/mo in Gigi II.2 She was 

 weaned at about 7 months of age. as 

 are calves in the wild (Rice and Wol- 

 man. 1971). At age 10 months, she 

 entered a very rapid growth phase 

 during which her food intake increased 

 from about 1.200 to about 1.800 

 pounds of squid/day. and her rate 

 of gain in weight increased almost 5 

 fold, to 970 kg/mo or (for those of 

 us who enjoy such reductions) approx- 

 imately -3 pounds/hour. Each whale 

 gained in length regularly: although 

 Gigi 1 was smaller than Gigi II when 

 captured, their increases in body size 

 were similar (Figure .^). This suggests 

 that the infection did not seriously 

 impede her growth. 



Respiratory rate (/) was counted on 

 manv occasions; it varied with the 

 whales' activity. It averaged 2/niin 

 for Gigi 1 at first, and increased to 4 

 or .s/min after age 2 months. However, 

 this whale had atelectasis and pneu- 

 monia secondary to a harpoon wound. 



2 Both calves were first fed by gavage. and in 

 botti trie liquid diet was gradually changed 

 from mainly whipping cream to a mixture of 

 ground squid, ground bonita, calcium casemate, 

 yeast, and corn oil For Gigi-ll. the proportion 

 of squid in the diet was gradually increased 

 until the lime of weaning 



Figure 1. — NonbreathJng valve tor Gigi II, 

 constructed of 8 inch stovepipe and containing 

 one quarter inch neoprene foam rubber valve 

 leaflets. Inspiration was from the side-arm, and 

 the inspiratory valve leaf and its supporting ring 

 were slanted so that closure was assisted by 

 gravity. 



AGE SIZE 



Figure 2. — The whale was weighed with an 

 industrial heavy duly scale (Dynamometer) by 

 lifting her from the water with a crane while 

 supported on a canvas and pipe slrelcher, and 

 subtracting the tare weight. Body length was 

 measured on a straight line from lips to no4ch 

 in fluke. Dala from Gigi I are represented by 

 open circtes and squares, and tor Gigi ft by 

 solid symbols. Length in meters on left hand 

 scale; weight in thousands of kilograms on 

 right hand scale. 



leaving the ineamng of this observa- 

 tion somewhat uncertain. When Gigi 

 II was motionless, or nearly so, /' 

 averaged 1/min, irrespective of age. 

 Accordingly, tidal volume ( F,) and 

 minute ventilation were nearly equal 

 (Figures 4, 5). Each value for F, is an 

 average of three or more measure- 

 ments, as we observed that \\ varied 



