I. Effects of Environmental Changes 

 a. Air Quality Effects 



1. Pollutant Emissions 



National Aeronautics and Space Administra- 

 tion—Remote sensing is used to determine the 

 concentration and spatial and vertical distribution of 

 aerosols and gases and to delineate and quantify the 

 effects of these aerosols and gases on the environment 

 and on the organisms which are exposed to these pollu- 

 tants. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.03 $0.03 $0.23 



National Science Foundation— University-based 

 research is supported to describe the effects of air pollu- 

 tants in man-occupied ecosystems, interactions with 

 other environmental constituents, and the manage- 

 ment of ecosystems by manipulating either environ- 

 mental parameters or man's activities. Ecological 

 consequences of alternative abatement strategies are 

 analyzed. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.51 $0.50 $0.40 



Department of Agriculture— Major pollutants such 

 as sulfur dioxide, fluorides, ozone, hydrogen chloride, 

 and other oxidants and particulates affect tree species 

 and associated plant and animal life in rural forests as 

 well as in densely populated urban areas. Radioactive 

 emissions and fire are also involved. The impact of 

 these pollutants on organisms and ecosystems is 

 studied in research on the sources and concentrations 

 of damaging air pollutants and the frequency of 

 damage. Current research is directed toward method- 

 ology and instrumentation for detection and analysis. 

 The tolerance of organisms to one or more pollutants, 

 the selection of resistant varieties, and the methods of 

 protecting plants and animals from pollutants, are also 

 under study. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.27 $0.27 $0.29 



Environmental Protection Agency— Investiga- 

 tions of the effects of major air pollutants on crops and 

 vegetation are conducted to provide information for 

 establishing secondary ambient air quality standards. 



44 



