can be designed to conform with and effectively utilize 

 these systems. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0 $0.15 $0.23 



National Aeronautics and Space Admin- 

 istration.— Remote sensing is used in studying the 

 present patterns of land use. Detection of ecological and 

 environmental changes occurring in the present 

 pattern of land usage is employed in developing long- 

 range regional land use and resource management 

 policies. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.04 $0.04 $0.38 



Smithsonian Institution.— Ecological studies are 

 being made of an estuarine watershed ecosystem on 

 Chesapeake Bay with regard to land use effects, runoff 

 into the estuary, and information for proper 

 management and conservation of an area with natural 

 forest, regrowth vegetation, and some managed land. 

 Ecological studies in Panama and other regions 

 describe the effects of land use on plant and animal 

 populations, relating these effects to management and 

 conservation practices. The ecosystems are described, 

 and their functions, relationships, and the impact of 

 man's activities (especially species loss and 

 replacement) are studied. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.10 $0.20 $0.30 



3. Management and Conservation of Ecosystems 



National Science Foundation.— All of the IBP 



biome studies pay attention to problems of the 

 management of ecosystems so as to optimize the 

 resource-use while conserving the integrity of the 

 ecosystem. This is a particular concern of the biomes in 

 regions of great physico-chemical stress, such as desert 

 and tundra. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.17 $0.43 $0.75 



Department of Agriculture.— The use of land for the 

 production of food, forage, and fiber causes change in 

 natural ecosystems. These changes can be minimal. 



54 



