National Aeronautics and Space Admin- 

 istration.— Controlled laboratory and field 

 experiments are conducted and uncontrolled field sites 

 are investigated to determine the effects of stress 

 conditions on plant growth. The data are correlated 

 with the remotely sensed signatures from airborne and 

 spaceborne sensors. Investigations are carried out to 

 determine the effects of insects, pathogens, and other 

 damaging agents on vegetation. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.31 $0.31 $0.31 



Department of Agriculture.— Ecological research 

 on pest organisms is oriented toward determining the 

 economic, social, and ecological impacts of destructive 

 agents on forests and agroecosystems. Emphasis is on 

 development of an ecological understanding of the 

 relationships between host and environmental systems 

 and the occurrence of destructive pest populations. 

 Based on sound ecological understanding, alternative 

 strategies are being developed for managing pests to 

 increase multiple resource values and to improve 

 productivity while minimizing the adverse effects on 

 environmental quality. 



1971 1972 1973 



$11.81 $11.17 $10.87 



National Science Foundation. — Grants support 

 research activities which relate to the development of 

 strategies for pest management that will minimize the 

 use of toxic chemicals. These fall chiefly into two 

 categories: 



(1) physiological and biochemical studies of insect 

 hormones and pheromones; 



(2) ecological studies of pest organisms (mainly 

 insects) in natural or modified ecosystems. By 

 far the greatest share of the funding increase in 

 FY 73 is for the support of integrated research 

 projects on the pest complexes of six major 

 crops. Additional support for this effort is 

 provided by USDA and EPA. 



1971 1972 1973 



$1.24 $0.64 $3.79 



Environmental Protection Agency. — As a result of 

 the use of pesticides in the environment, which results 



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