in disruption of ecological balances, the Environmental 

 Protection Agency sponsors research on development 

 of alternative methods of pest controls aimed toward 

 reduction of dependence upon pesticide chemicals, 

 especially in commercial agricultural uses. 

 Development of new control strategies based upon 

 ecological relationships is under study in cooperation 

 with other Federal agencies. The main emphasis is 

 upon understanding the intricate insect population 

 interrelationships of dynamics found in several major 

 crop ecosystems in which quantities of pesticides are 

 used. Integrated use is being made of prey-predator 

 relationships, insect pheromones, specific pathogens 

 such as viruses, trap crops, and predictive modeling 

 technology. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0 $0.80 $1.80 



b. Biological Production (Food and Fiber) 



Department of Commerce.— Research programs 

 include basic stock assessment; population dynamics; 

 food chain studies; interrelationships of species 

 including fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and marine 

 plants. Ecological studies are conducted on 

 anadromous fishes, and basic research necessary for 

 development of a meaningful aquacultural program. 



1971 1972 1973 



$26.09 $27.90 $33.74 



Department of the Interior.— The Office of Water 

 Resources Research supports studies in the application 

 of water resources to enhance production of food and 

 fiber. Similar research is carried out by the Bureau of 

 Reclamation, which is charged with the task of 

 increasing productivity from agricultural land, and the 

 Bureau of Land Management, which has the 

 responsibility of optimizing output from Federal lands 

 under its jurisdiction. Supporting research of a more 

 basic nature is performed by the Geological Survey. 

 Projects range from studies on the role of phreatophytes 

 in the hydrologic components of ecosystems to research 

 on the ecological impact of the removal of nitrogen from 

 agricultural wastewater. 



1971 1972 1973 



$1.09 $1.26 $1.26 



63 



