assessing alternative policies, management practices, 

 or development projects. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.19 $0.01 $0.40 



Department of the Interior.— Research on 

 socioeconomic trade-offs of alternative development 

 projects is carried on by all elements of the Department 

 of the Interior in connection with the Department's 

 responsibilities under the National Environmental 

 Policy Act. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.53 $0.42 $0.60 



e. Weather Modification 



National Science Foundation.— The ecological 

 implications of weather modification being studied 

 include food chain effects of seeding agents and shifts 

 in biota as a consequence of relocation of climatic 

 boundaries. 



1971 1972 1973 



$ $0.03 $0.05 



Department of Agriculture. — Trees and shrubs can 

 be used effectively for modifying and improving man's 

 immediate environment. Research is directed toward 

 designing and evaluating the effectiveness of 

 protective tree plantings of various shapes, widths, 

 densities, and species composition in achieving 

 desirable environmental changes. Experimentation in 

 selecting and testing of trees with increased tolerance 

 to the climate and soils where such plantings are 

 needed is an integral part of this program. Other 

 research efforts are directed toward developing 

 practices for maintaining the health and vigor and 

 prolonging the effective life of trees in shelterbelt 

 plantings. 



1971 1972 1973 

 $0.04 $0.05 $0.05 



Department of the Interior.— Research on the 



ecological impacts of weather modification is supported 

 by the Bureau of Reclamation in connection with its 

 Upper Colorado Snowpack Augmentation Program 

 and precipitation augmentation program in the Great 

 Plains. A much smaller effort of this type is supported 



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