Corps of Engineers.— Fundamental ecological 

 research is directed toward developing environmental 

 impact statements and methodology to mitigate 

 adverse effects on the local fisheries. 



Studies include evaluation of effects due to changes in 

 the salinity levels and pH of water in estuaries; use of 

 remote sensing to define ecological sensitive areas; 

 controlling water flow to eliminate significant changes 

 in nutrient levels, temperatures, and pH factors; and 

 development of techniques for measuring heat 

 exchange and photosynthesis on physical models in 

 order to improve ecological predictions. 



1971 1972 1973 



$2.63 $4.30 $5.11 



b. Regional Global Consequences and Predictions 



National Science Foundation.— Activity is 



concentrated on synthesis and predictive modeling of 

 large ecological systems in response to environmental 

 changes such as variations in carbon dioxide levels, air 

 pollution, or widespread drought. Assessment of ocean 

 pollution-concentration along major transects has been 

 recently completed for evaluation of effects upon 

 biological resources. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0 $0.86 $1.00 



Department of Agruculture.— Research includes 

 studies that contribute to man's ability to predict 

 regional or global consequences of his actions. Included 

 is research on impacts of man's activities on major 

 forest, range, and desert ecosystems. For example, the 

 conifer forest and muskeg or taiga of Alaska are being 

 intensively studied for the first time. Taiga occupies 

 millions of acres in northern latitudes around the world 

 and is extremely sensitive to disturbance. Other 

 ecosystems being studied include the deserts of the 

 Sonoran Province and the alpine tundra. 



1971 1972 1973 



$0.04 $0.04 $0.04 



Smithsonian Institution.— The world distribution 

 and abundance of certain biological organisms are very 

 important in evaluating whole ecosystem changes, 

 particularly the consequences of man's activities. 

 Baseline data on species composition and abundance 

 are being collected which are essential in studying 



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