BULLETIN OP THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 211 



end of tlie ladder (e) projects beyond the platform, and touches the 

 surface of the i)ool, or dips into it a little, according to the amount of 

 water flowing over the ladder. It will be seen that as the water rises 

 or falls the platform rises or falls with it. In a small water the plat- 

 form rests motionless; but in a heavy water, forming waves under the 

 weir, it shakes. 



The converging guards (v, v) are for the purpose of directing the water 

 which comes in at to, under the beam z, upon the ladder. They are about 

 12 inches in height, and provided with two blocks, like those in the lad- 

 der (<;), to break the force of the water, and enable the fish to get over. 

 The object of the beam {z) is to control the amount of water passing into 

 the ladder at ic (the height of this opening being only about GJ inches), 

 and prevent too much water flowing over. In spring and summer high 

 waters prevail in the Poprad, enabling the salmon to get over the high 

 dam ; but in autumn there is generally a low water, and the ladder is 

 necessary in September, October, and November. 



A flood does not injure the ladder at all, but the winter's ice would 

 tear it away; so, as it is easily taken down, it is then taken away and 

 put so that the platform gets dried well by the sun. The wood-work 

 (fc I) is left in its place, as being out of danger from ice. 



The construction of the ladder, including wood, iron, and labor, costs 

 only $15 at Kurczyn, and the cost of removal and replacing, with any 

 necessary repairs, about $3 or $3.50. The ladder has only been used two 

 autumns, and Mr. Pintsch has often had opportunities of seeing salmon 

 ascending it without difficulty. Before it was put up he had frequently 

 noticed numbers of salmon collected in the pools below the dam, and 

 making vain efforts to get over it, and at lastgetting caught by the fisher- 

 men. But since the ladder has been in use the salmon are rarely seen 

 waiting in this way, as it enables them to get up at once. Models of 

 this ladder are in possession of the Galician Fisheries Society, the 

 Austrian Fisheries Society in Vienna, and the German Fisheries Soci- 

 ety in Berlin, and drawings of it have been sent to England and Amer- 

 ica. As a movable and cheap salmon ladder it seems preferable to the 

 costly fixed aftairs. With the necessary modifications required by differ- 

 ent conditions in dams and rivers, it offers exceptional advantages, espe- 

 cially where expense is a consideration, and there is not much water to 

 play with. These are my reasons for recommending it. 



Cracow, April 27, 1884. 



REMARKS ON PINTSCH'S FISH- WAY BY BRUSSOW. 



The question of movable salmon-ways has been discussed among fish- 

 culturists for some time, and the problem seems to have been solved in 

 a very simple and happy manner by the above-mentioned invention ; 

 only it will be necessary — 



(1.) To weight the platform or raft n n with some stones, so it may 



