BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. 371 



ing coldness of the water in the pannikins was rendering their move- 

 ments less active. They glided from one side to the other, aud from 

 the snrface to the bottom, but in an uneasy manner. Their attitude 

 was that of expectancy. An hour afterwards they were apparently 

 going to sleep, the goldfish on its side, the other in its ordinary po- 

 sition. The fins kept moving in a lazy manner; there was no twitch- 

 ing, no abrupt action. The motion reminded one of the vibration 

 of a wire slowly but surely coming to rest. The eyes were clear, 

 and to all appearances a deep and jjlacid sleej) was falling stealthily 

 upon them. Two hours afterwards they were in the same position, but 

 there was no movement. The ice was advancing upon them. Some of 

 the spikes of ice had already reached parts of their bodies, and reflect- 

 ing the light from the candle produced a beautiful combination of color. 

 The two creatures were sleeping in the light of a gorgeous sunset- 

 After eight hours' exposure to the temperature of the freezing-cham- 

 ber, and two more to the much lower temperature of the snow-box, I 

 felt sure that the ice was solid. I removed the pannikins to the thaw- 

 ing-tubs and sat down to watch for indications of life, but none ap- 

 peared. Wht-n freed from the ice the salt-water fish floated about for 

 a short time in the same position as that occupied when it was inside 

 the block of ice, and then slowly sank to the bottom. The goldfish on 

 being freed continued to float for upwards of an hour, during which I 

 sat watching it. Next morning it was still floating, not erect like the 

 other, but on its side, with the tail slightly depressed. It was appar- 

 ently dead. At night it maintained the feame j)osition, and I gave it 

 up for dead. 



I have made this statement in hope that others who have time and 

 more enlarged facilities for carrying out a series of experiments will 

 proceed with the investigation. (From Transactions and Proceedings 

 of the New Zealand Institute, 1883, vol. xvi, pp. 275-278.) 



181.— THE SCOTCK CIOD AIVD lillVQ FSSHEISIES.' 



The great Scotch cod and ling fisheries last from March till July 

 along the northeastern coast of Scotland and near the Shetland and 

 Orkney Islands. Vessels furnished with a deck are beginning to be 

 employed in these fisheries with great success. At the end of June the 

 larger vessels give up the cod and ling fisheries and engage in the her- 

 ring fisheries on the east coast of Scotland. The crews of these vessels 

 are composed exclusively of experienced fishermen, and, in a vessel of 30 

 tons, the crew generally numbers 7 or 8 men. They are not paid in cash, 

 but receive their share of the catch. The fishing is done by lines. 



* Bit sl-otiJcc Torske- og Langcfiske. From the 2<^orsk Fislceriiidnide, Vol. Ill, BergeUj 

 January, lt'84. Translated fiom the Danish by Herman Jacobson, 



