Kerstetter and Graves Survival of Tetropturus albidus after release from longline gear 



443 



tags to represent mortalities (62.9% survival). These 

 estimates are similar in magnitude to that found for the 

 larger blue marlin released from pelagic longline gear 

 (79% survival; Kerstetter et al., 2003). The documented 

 survival of white marlin indicates that current domes- 

 tic and international management measures requiring 

 live release from commercial pelagic longline gear will 

 reduce fishing mortality on this species. 



Acknowledgments 



We thank Captain Greg O'Neill, the crew, and owner 

 Vince Pyle of the FV Carol Ann for their field assistance. 

 Andrij Horodysky (VIMS) provided logistical field sup- 

 port, as well as a critical review of the manuscript. Paul 

 Howey, Lissa Werbos, and Shefali Mehta (Microwave 

 Telemetry, Inc.) assisted with the PSAT programming 

 and resulting data. We also thank Eric Prince (NMFS) 

 for his support of the pilot work. This project was funded 

 in part by NOAA/NMFS Cooperative Research Program 

 Grant no. NA03NMF4540420 and the NOAA/NMFS 

 Southeast Fisheries Science Center. 



Literature cited 



Bayley, R. E., and E. D. Prince. 



1994. A review of tag release and recapture files for 



Istiophoridae from the Southeast Fisheries Science 



Center's Cooperative Gamefish Tagging Program. 



Int. Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCATi Coll. Vol. Sci. 



Pap., Vol. XLI:.527-.548. 

 Block, B. A. 



1986. Structure of the brain and eye heater tissue in 



marlins, sailfish, and spearfish. J. Morphol. 190: 



169-190. 

 Block, B. A., D. T. Booth, and F. G. Carey. 



1992. Depth and temperature of the blue marlin, Mak- 

 aira nigricans, observed by acoustic telemetry. Mar. 

 Biol. 114:175-183. 



Borucinska, J., N. Kohler, L. Natanson, and G. Skomal. 



2002. Pathology associated with retained fishing hooks 

 in blue sharks {Prionace glauca) with implications on 

 their conservation. J. Fish Disease 25(9):.515-521. 



Brill, R. W., D. B. Holts, R. K. C. Chang, S. Sullivan, H. Dewar, 

 and F. G. Carey. 



1993. Vertical and horizontal movements of striped 

 marlin (Tetrapturus audax) near the Hawaiian Islands, 

 determined by ultrasonic telemetry, with simultane- 

 ous measurement of oceanic currents. Mar. Biol. 

 117:567-574. 



de Sylva. D. P., W. J. Richards, T. R. Capo, and J. E. Serafy. 



2000. Potential effects of human activities on billfishes 



(Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) in the western Atlantic 



Ocean. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66(1):187-198. 

 Domeier, M. L., H. Dewar, and N. Nansby-Lucas. 



2003. Mortality rate of striped marlin {Tetrapturus audax) 

 caught with recreational tackle. Mar. Freshw. Res. 

 54(4):435-445. 



FR I Federal Register). 



2004. Atlantic highly migratory species (HMS), pelagic 

 longline fishery, final rule. 69, Fed. Reg. 40733-40758 



(July 6, 2004) (to be codified at 50 C. F. R., pts. 223 

 and 635). 

 Fritches, K. A., L. Litherland, N. Thomas, and J. Shand. 



2003. Cone visual pigments and retinal mosaics in the 

 striped marlin. J. Fish Biol. 63:1347-1351. 

 Goodyear, C. P. 



2002a. Biomass projections for Atlantic blue marlin: 

 potential benefits of fishing mortality reductions. Int. 

 Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap. 

 52:1502-1506. 

 2002b. Factors affecting robust estimates of the catch 

 and release mortality using pop-off tag technology. In 

 Catch and release in marine recreational fisheries (J. 

 A. Lucy, and A. L. Studholme, eds.), p. 172-179. Am. 

 Fish. Soc, Bethesda, MD, 

 Goodyear, C. P., and E. D. Prince. 



2003. U.S. recreational harvest of white marlin. Int. 

 Comm. Cons, Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., 

 vol. 55:624-632. 

 Graves, J. E., B. E. Luckhurst, and E. D. Prince. 



2002. An evaluation of pop-up satellite tags for estimat- 

 ing postrelease survival of blue marlin. Fish. Bull. 

 100:134-142. 

 Holts, D.. and D. Bedford. 



1990. Activity patterns of striped marlin in the southern 

 California bight. In Planning for the future of billfishes 

 (R. H. Stroud, ed.l, p. 81-93. National Coalition for 

 Marine Conservation, Inc., Savannah, GA. 

 Horodysky, A. Z., and J. E. Graves. 



2005. Application of pop-up satellite tag technology to 

 estimate postrelease survival of white marlin iTet- 

 rapterus albidus) caught on circle and straight-shank 

 ("J") hooks in the western North Atlantic recreational 

 fishery. Fish. Bull. 103(l):84-96. 

 ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of 

 Atlantic Tunas). 



1995. Resolution by ICCAT for the enhancement of 

 research programs for billfishes (blue marlin, white 

 marlin, sailfish and spearfish). Int. Comm. Cons. Atl. 

 Tunas (ICCAT) Res. 95-12., 1 p. 



1996. Resolution by ICCAT Regarding the Release of 

 Live Billfish Caught by Longline. Int. Comm. Cons. 

 Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Res. 96-9, 1 p. 



1997. Recommendation by ICCAT Regarding Atlantic 

 Blue Marlin and Atlantic White Marlin. Int. Comm. 

 Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT I Rec. 97-9, 1 p. 



2000. Recommendation by ICCAT to Establish a Plan to 



Rebuild Blue Marlin and White Marlin Populations. Int. 



Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Rec. 00-13, 2 p. 

 2001a. Report ofthe fourth ICCAT billfish workshop. Int. 



Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap. 



53:1-22. 

 2001b. Recommendation by ICCAT to Amend the Plan to 



Rebuild Blue Marlin and White Marlin Populations. Int. 



Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Rec. 01-10, 2 p. 

 2005. Report of the Standing Committee on Research 



and Statistics. Int. Comm. Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT), 



Madrid, Spain, October 4-8, 2004, 224 p. ICCAT, 



Madrid, Spain. 

 Jackson, T L., and M. I. Farber. 



1998. Summary of at-sea sampling of the western Atlantic 

 Ocean, 1987-1995, by industrial longline vessels fishing 

 out ofthe port of Cumana, Venezuela: ICCAT Enhanced 

 Research Program for Billfish 1987-1995. Int. Comm. 

 Cons. Atl. Tunas (ICCAT) Coll. Vol. Sci. Pap., vol. 

 XVVII:203-228. 



