In addition to the privatized former fishery 

 cooperatives, 2 newly-established private 

 companies operate 3 fishing vessels: the 

 KALMAR company has 2, and the MARVEL 

 company one. 



The KALMAR company was organized as 

 early as 1990, when Estonia was still a part of 

 the Soviet Union, by a captain of a fishing 

 vessel, Kaljo End, who became the Chairman 

 of the Board of the new company. Starting in 

 1990 with one medium stern trawler {Rotalia) 

 which was bought from the Laane Kalur 

 kolkhoz, the company leased a second one 

 {Sorve) from the MOONSUND company, a 

 privatized former kolkhoz, and plans to buy 

 or lease several more vessels in the future. 

 The company's fishermen harvest shrimp in 

 the international waters of the Barents and 

 Greenland Seas where there are no fishing 

 catch quotas. ^° The catch of about 800 t per 

 vessel is sold in Norway where the company 

 also purchases diesel oil. Captain End. who 

 for years has been fishing in the Northeast 

 Atlantic, not only knows the fishing grounds 

 well, but also has at his disposal valuable 

 research data secured by the fishery 

 exploratory vessels of SEVRYBA's (Russia's 

 Northern Fishery Administration) Exploratory 

 Service (PROMRAZVEDKA). The 



KALMAR company is profitable and 

 expanding. 



Information on the MARVEL company is 

 not available. 



VII. EMPLOYMENT 



Estonian fisheries reportedly employed 

 30,000 persons in 1991; about 4,300 

 fishermen fished on the high-seas, the 

 remainder was employed in the Baltic 



fisheries, in the processing industry, fish 

 marketing, trade, etc. Estonia's fisheries thus 

 provide employment for about 2 percent of the 

 nation's total population which is estimated at 

 approximately 1.6 million inhabitants. 

 Fisheries was thus an important part of the 

 country's economy. 



The state-owned OOKEAN high-seas 

 fishing company currently has 3,915 

 employees. Most are deep-sea fishermen and 

 crews (3,114 persons); 280 persons, less than 

 9 percent of the total, are in administrative 

 positions and the remaining 521 employees 

 work in supply, building maintenance and 

 other support jobs.^' 



The privatized fishery kolkhozes employ 

 about 3,000 persons of which less than a half 

 (an estimated 1,200 fishermen and crews) fish 

 on the high-seas (appendix 1)}^ 



VIII. FISHERY AGREEMENTS 



On January 10, 1992, a protocol was 

 signed in Riga to regulate the fisheries in the 

 neighboring Russian and Estonian zones until 

 a bilateral agreement on respective relations in 

 fisheries could be signed. This protocol 

 allowed Estonia to fish for cod and shrimp in 

 the Russian 200-mile Exclusive Economic 

 Zone (FEZ) in the Baltic and Barents Seas, 

 while the Russians were allowed to fish Baltic 

 herring and Baltic sprat in the Estonian FEZ. 

 Russian officials, however, argue that they do 

 not need the fishery in the Estonian EEZ in 

 the Baltic and have little to gain from a 

 bilateral fisheries agreement; so it is possible 

 that the Russian Federation will let the 

 protocol expire and no longer allow Estonia to 

 fish in the Barents Sea." In May 1992, 

 negotiations continued in Moscow on a draft 



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