ENDNOTES 



1. In 1990, tlie gross value of tlie Russian fisheries output was estimated by GLOBEFISH at 13.4 billion rubles, 

 or over US$ 8.1 billion (at the then exchange rate of US$ 1.00 = R 1.65). Since tlie preparation of this report 

 "began before the transformation of the former USSR into 15 independent states," it is not clear whether this 

 estimate refers to the Soviet Union, or the Russian Federation. The figure is nevertheless valuable since such 

 figures were hard to obtain in the over-secretive USSR. 



2. The poor results in fisheries cost the then-Conmiissar of Fisheries, Zhemchugina, not only her job, but also her 

 freedom. She was arrested and interned in the Siberian GULAG despite tlie fact that she was the wife of 

 Vyacheslav Molotov, Stalin's foreign minister. She died in Moscow in 1991. 



3. The acronym BMRT derives from the Russian name for these vessels: Bolshoi Morozylniy Rybolovnyi Trauler 

 (large freezer fishing trawler). 



4. Kravanja, Milan. "The Soviet Fishing Industry: A Review". Published in: Soviet Oceans Development. Prepared 

 for the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, 94th Congress, 2nd Session: pp. 377-462. GPO, Washington, D.C., 

 October 1976. 



5. Appendix 4 includes 100 classes of vessels having over 500 GRT which are believed to be engaged in high-seas 

 fishing and 30 classes of vessels having 100-500 GRT which are probably engaged in coastal fishing. 



6. Priniorye Fisherman, 27 August 1993. 



7. The duty on exports of fishery products which previously amounted to a prohibitive 26 percent of the value of 

 such products, has been reduced to 10 percent in 1993. 



8. Kravanja, Milan,op. cit. 



9. Japan, USSR, Spain, United States, and Norway ~ they were selected as the five countries with the largest 

 fishing gross registered tonnage. 



10. This number is taken from Lloyd's, World Fleet Statistics at 31 December 1992; it includes fishing vessels, but 

 excludes fishery support vessels. Tlie vessels listed have a gross registered tonnage of at least 100 tons, but most 

 have over 500 GRT, a number that denotes high-seas units. 



11. The entire EC fishery support fleet of 22 vessels has only a total tonnage of 24,276 gross tons, according to 

 Lloyd's World Fleet Statistics at 31 December 1992. 



12. These data are also taken from Lloyd's World Fleet Statistics at 31 December 1992. Tliey are thus comparable 

 with the Russian data. 



13. To avoid any confusion in reader's minds: fishing vessels are tliose vessels that actually engage in catching fish 

 and shellfish or harvest other aquatic products (e.g., seaweeds). Fishery support vessels are those that support the 

 operations of fishing vessels (motherships, tankers, processing vessels, floating factories, fish carriers, etc., to 

 mention only a few). Fishery vessels are the sum of fishing and fishery support vessels. 



14. Both figures for the 1992 catch are preliminary and they include tlie freshwater catch. 



15. Vtro Rossii (Moscow), 29 April 1993. 



123 



