THE BIOSPHERE 5 



including igneous ones. Understanding the dynamic response of these parts of 

 the system to atmospheric carbon dioxide content is more difficult than 

 applying Henry's law to the sea surface, but it is likely to be just as important to 

 understanding the behavior of carbon in the biosphere. 



REFERENCES 



1. J. R. Vallentyne, Biosphere, in Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Vol. 2, p. 251, 

 McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1971. 



2. George Mueller, Biosphere, Geochemistry of, in Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 

 Vol. 2, p. 251, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1971. 



3. N. T. de Saussure, Recherches Chimiques sur la Vegetation, Paris, Translation, 

 pp. 161-165, in Great Experiments in Biology, M. L. Gabriel and Seymour Fogel (Eds.), 

 Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1955. 



4. Taro Takahashi, Carbon Dioxide in the Sea and Atmosphere, in The Encyclopedia of 

 Atmospheric Sciences and Astrogeology, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Vol. II, 

 pp. 131-136, R. W. Fairbridge (Ed.), 1967. 



5. H. Borchert, Sur Geochimie des Kohlenstoffs, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2: 62-75 

 (1951). 



6. Kalervo Rankama and T. G. Sahama, Geochemistry, pp. 264 and 320, The University of 

 Chicago Press, Chicago, 1950. 



7. D. E. White, J. D. Hem, and G. A. Waring, Chap. F, Chemical Composition of Subsurface 

 Waters, in Data of Geochemistry (6th edition), U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 

 440-F, 1963. 



8. R. M. Garrels and E. T. Mackenzie, Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks, W. W. 

 Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 1971. 



9. Bryan Patterson, Meteorites, A mer. Sci., 55(4): 429-455 (1967). 



DISCUSSION BY ATTENDEES 



Olson: Would not marine photosynthesizers act in the same way as land 

 plants in soaking up excess CO2 generated by the burning of fossil fuels? 



Livingstone: Certainly, but the effect of calcium carbonate precipitation is 

 even more important. 



