388 



INDEX 



flux, 224, 226-227, 236 



in sediments, 233-234 

 in forests 



budget, 360 



cycle, 360-361 



in leaves, 348 



residence times, 363 



turnover times, 363 

 in freshwater, 241 



fixation in Green Lake, 184 



inorganic, 242 



Lawrence Lake, 246 

 in livestock, 294 

 in man, 294 

 measurements, 204 

 metabolism of, global, 187 

 in oceans, 33-34, 37 



age of, 23 



chemical composition of, 38 



in deep layer, 373 



in exchange with surface and deep 

 layers, 92 



flux of, to atmosphere, 92 



inorganic, 242 



residence time of, 36 



in sediments, 33, 36 

 organic (see Organic carbon) 

 in zones of crustal convergence, 2 

 Carbon-14 

 advection-diffusion model for, 18 

 in the atmosphere, 91 



See also Carbon dioxide in the atmo- 

 sphere 



from nuclear tests, 23-25 



one-reservoir model for, 51, 64, 66- 

 69, 74 



related to solar activity, 61, 63-64 



six-reservoir model for, 69-70, 95 



variations of, 61-71 

 cycle in the ocean— atmosphere system 



advection-diffusion exchange in, 

 14-18 



advective processes in, 9 



box-model studies of, 6-7, 9-11 



diffusive processes in, 9 



exchange rate, 7-8 



net transfer of, 7 



particulate-carbon transport in, 1 1 



residence times of, 6-7 



water circulation in, 9 

 in ocean water, 11, 17, 91 

 in wood (tree-ring data), 61, 91 



Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 



1 4 C variations in, 86, 88-89, 95-96, 112, 



115 

 climate prediction from, 27-29 

 combustion of fossil fuel as source of, 



23, 25-27, 51, 88-89 

 forest exchange of, 356 

 forest fertilization model, 329-331 



parameters, 338 



predicted effects, 328-329, 333, 336 

 341-342 



species strategies, 330, 336, 341-342 

 greenhouse effect of, 21, 27, 29 

 increases in, 370-371 

 industrial production of, 88-90 

 at Mauna Loa, 21-23, 26, 51-53, 90 

 models for industrial partitioning of, 



74-77 

 monitoring stations (existing and recom- 

 mended), 370-371 

 partial pressure of, 49 

 preindustrial level, 51 

 residence time for, 8-9, 23 

 seasonal variation of, 5 3 

 secular trend of, 5 3, 60 

 six-reservoir model for, 86, 88-89 



1 4 C variations (and tree-ring data), 95 



equations for, 92-93, 11 91 33 



increase prediction using, 100-101, 

 105, 107, 110, 112, 116 



numerical values of, 133-134 



ocean surface layer in, 99-100 



preferred models, 106-107 



Suess effect prediction, 100-101, 105 

 at South Pole, 51, 53, 90 

 three-reservoir model for, 23-29, 97-99 



buffering effect of oceans in, 26 



climate prediction using, 27-29 



feedback mechanisms in, 29 



prediction of changes from 1860 to 

 2000, 25-26 



sensitivity tests of, components of, 

 26-27 

 Carbon monoxide, 136 

 in the atmosphere 



concentrations of, 136, 140 



effects of, 136 



production of, 136, 139 



removal processes for, 140 



residence times and rate constants for, 

 140 



sink for, 141 



