MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, IDENTIFICATION, AND BIOLOGY OF 



LARVAE OF PANDALIDAE, HIPPOLYTIDAE, AND CRANGONIDAE 

 (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA) OF THE NORTHERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN 



Evan B. Haynes> 



ABSTRACT 



All published descriptions of pandalid, hippolytid, and crangonid larvae of the northern waters of the North 

 Pacific Ocean are summarized. Included are recent changes in nomenclature, definitions of terms used in 

 describing the larvae, and procedures for preparing larvae for examination. The general morphology of lar- 

 vae of the three families is reviewed, and development of the morphological characters used for their iden- 

 tification is discussed. Principal morphological characters and number of larval stages of known larvae in 

 each family are tabulated. Pandalid larvae are keyed to species and stage of development. A synopsis of the 

 most important morphological characters used for identification is given for larvae of each family, genus, 

 and species. Biologj' of the larvae is reviewed. 



Larvae of the Pandalidae, Hippolytidae, and Cran- 

 gonidae (order Decapoda, tribe Caridea) are common 

 inhabitants of the neritic meroplankton of the north- 

 ern (temperate and arctic) waters of the North 

 Pacific Ocean. About 135 species of shrimps are 

 found in these waters, and larvae have been de- 

 scribed, at least in part, for 46 species. Many of these 

 descriptions, especially of hippolytids and cran- 

 gonids, are scattered in various foreign scientific 

 journals. 



This report summarizes the morphology of de- 

 scribed larvae of the Pandalidae, Hippolytidae, and 

 Crangonidae of the northern North Pacific Ocean 

 and gives instructions for examining them. Develop- 

 ment of the characters used for identification is 

 discussed, and a generalized key to stage is given. 

 Larvae of each family, genus, and species are charac- 

 terized morphologically, and the principal mor- 

 phological characters and the number of the larval 

 stage are tabulated. Illustrated keys to species and 

 stages are provided for 9 of the 13 pandalid species 

 recorded from the northern North Pacific Ocean. De- 

 scriptions of larvae of the remaining four species of 

 pandalids have not been published although their 

 probable morphology has been discussed (Haynes 

 1980a). References to the published descriptions of 

 larvae of each species and a review of the biology of 

 the larvae are provided. 



In the synopses of species, I have selected the most 

 distinguishing larval characters; however, these 



>Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center Auke Bay Laboratory, 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, P.O. Box 210155, Auke 

 Bay, AK 99821. 



characters may not always be repeated for similar 

 species, and additional characters may be needed for 

 a specific diagnosis. Other distinguishing characters 

 for the larvae discussed here can often be found in 

 the original published descriptions. 



An annotated listing of published descriptions 

 precedes the synopsis of each species. When two or 

 more descriptions are listed, the most complete 

 description is given first. Whenever a "?" appears 

 after a species name or stage in the listings, the 

 author of the original description was uncertain of 

 the identification. In these cases, references to the 

 corrected or verified identification are included in 

 the listing. For a few species, descriptions of larvae 

 are based on specimens from the Atlantic Ocean. It 

 should be noted that morphological characters of lar- 

 vae of the same species from different geographical 

 areas may vary somewhat (Haynes 1978a). 



Taxonomic Nomenclature 



I used Rathbun's (1904) nomenclature of Panda- 

 lidae except for Pandalus tridens. After considering 

 both the larval and adult morphology of P. tridens 

 (see Rathbun 1902), I give this species full specific 

 rank (Butler 1980; Haynes 1980a) rather than sub- 

 specific rank as P. montagui tridens, a Pacific sub- 

 species of P. montagui Leach 1814. 



Nomenclature of the Hippolytidae follows Hol- 

 thuis' (1947) revision of the genus Spirontocaris 

 sensu lato. Holthuis' revision, based on adult mor- 

 phology, has been verified from larval morphology 

 (Pike and Williamson 1961; Haynes 1981). 



Nomenclature of the Crangonidae is based on the 



Manuscript accepted August 1984. 



FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 83, NO. 3, 1985. 



253-^^ 



