IIAVNES: I'ANDAI.IDAK. IIIl'rol.VI'IDAK, AMKKANCOMDAK I.AKNAK 



Barents Sea south to south coast of England; Ice- 

 land; (ireenland; east coast of North America from 

 Nova Scotia to Massachusetts Bay; arctic Alaska; 

 depth, 20-1,200 m (Holthuis 1947). 



Spirontocaris murdochi Rathbun 



Only Stages I-III described, known parentage; 

 figures 1-3 in Haynes (in press). 



Rostrum about 1/4 carapace length, supraorbital 

 spine in Stage III; posterolateral spine on abdominal 

 somite 5 longer than posterolateral spine on abdo- 

 minal somite 4; dorsal surface of abdominal somite 4 

 without tuft of setae. Length: Stages I-III, 3.2-4.3 

 nun. Range: Arctic to southeastern Alaska, Kam- 

 chatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Patience Bay (Sakhalin); 

 depth, 18-50 m (Holthuis 1947; Haynes in press). 



Spirontocaris ochotetisis (Brandt) 



Only Stage I described, known parentage; figure 7 

 in Haynes (1981). 



No rostrum; carapace usually with only 1 denticle 

 along anteroventral margin; supraorbital spine 

 minute; posterolateral spines on abdominal somites 4 

 and 5. Length: 2.8 mm. Range: Sea of Japan to 

 Bering Sea and western coast of Vancouver Island, 

 British Columbia; depth, intertidal to 247 m (Butler 

 1980). 



Spirontocaris phippsii (Kr0yer) 



Larvae known from Atlantic Ocean. 



Stage II, from plankton; Pike and Williamson 

 (1961). No figure. Identity assumed from distri- 

 bution of adults. 



Stage III, from plankton; described as "Sprionto- 

 cam-larva Nr. 2," ("Sp. turgidaT); figure 6 in 

 Stephensen (1916). Not figure 7 in Stephensen 

 (1916), "last stage"; probably Eualus macilentus 

 (see Pike and Williamson 1961) (Pike and 

 Williamson identified figure 7 as E. macilentus 

 based on identity of S. spinus and S. lilljehorgii 

 and distribution of Eualus spp. in Greenland 

 waters). 



Stage V, from plankton; described as "Spironto- 

 caris-larva No. 2 (? Sp. turgida (Kr0yer))" and 

 ''Spirontocaris-\a.r\'s. No. 2B" in Stephensen 

 (1935) (see Pike and Williamson 1961 for identi- 

 fication). 



Spines on abdominal somites 4 and 5; abdominal 



somite 4 without dorsal tuft of setae. Length: 

 Stage II, 6.0 mm. Range: circumpolar, southward 

 to northern Norway; Cape Cod, MA; Shumagin 

 Islands, AK; and Plover Bay, Siberia; depth, 11-225 

 m (Holthuis 1947). 



Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby) 



Larvae described from Atlantic Ocean only. 



Six larval stages. 



Stages I and II, known parentage; Stages III-VII 

 (Stage VII, first juvenile), from plankton; figure 

 1 in Pike and Williamson (1961). 



Stage IV, from plankton; described as "Spironto- 

 caris A" by Frost (1936); figure 3 in Frost (1936) 

 (see Pike and Williamson 1961 for identifica- 

 tion). 



Stage I, probably from known parentage; Stage V, 

 probably from plankton (see Pike and William- 

 son 1961); figures 17-20 in Williamson (1957a). 



Larvae and juvenile stages very similar to those of 

 S. lilljeborgii. In all described stages, abdominal 

 somite 4 with a dorsal tuft of short setae; abdominal 

 somites 4 and 5 with posterolateral spines; postero- 

 lateral spines on abdominal somite 5 remain same 

 size in all zoeal stages. Posterior margin of abdo- 

 minal .somite 3 with distinct dorsal tooth in megalopa 

 and first juvenile stage. Length: Stages I-VI, 

 4.3-8.0 mm. Range: Circumpolar, southward to the 

 northern North Sea, Massachusetts Bay (eastern 

 United States), Alaska Peninsula, and eastern coast 

 of Siberia; depth, 16-400 m (Holthuis 1947). 



Spirontocaris spinns var. intermedia Makarov* 



Only Stage I described, known parentage; figure 4 



in Ivanov (1971). 

 Not S. spimis intermedia as described by Makarov 



(1967) (see Ivanov 1971). 



Rostrum long (> 1/3 carapace length); no supra- 

 orbital spine; abdominal somite 4 with dorsal tuft of 

 setae; posterolateral spines on abdominal somites 4 

 and 5. Length: Stage I, 5.0 mm. Range: (see S. 

 spinus); depth, 9-1,380 m (Hayashi 1977). 



^According to Ivanov (1971), V. V. Makarov, rather than Z. I. 

 Kobjakova, is the author of the subspecies 5. spimis var. intervriedia 

 based on Article .51(c) of Chapter XI of the International Code of 

 Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological 

 Nomenclature 1964). The subspecies S. spinus var. intermedia. 

 however, may be identical toS. spiv^is. Hayashi (1977) believed that 

 the morphological criteria used by Kobjakova (1937) to distinguish 

 5. spinus var. intermedia from S. spimis were too small and 

 variable to be valid. 



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