RICHARDSON and LAROCHE DEVELOPMENT AND OCCURRENCE OF ROCKFISHES 



Longest dorsal fin spine = distance from base to 

 = distance from base to 

 = distance from base to 



tip 



Longest dorsal fin ray = 

 tip. 



Longest anal fin spine 

 tip. 



All body lengths given refer to standard length 

 unless noted otherwise. 



Developmental Terminology 



Terminology for development of Sebastes spp. 

 used in this paper is as follows: 



Preflexion larva = prior to notochord flexion. 



Flexion larva = undergoing notochord flexion 

 from time urostyle begins to slant upward until 

 urostyle is in final upturned position and caudal 

 fin is formed. 



Postflexion larva = from completion of noto- 

 chord flexion (urostyle may still extend beyond the 

 base of the caudal fin) to onset of transformation of 

 13th dorsal spine and 3d anal spine from soft ray to 

 spine, and to the associated onset of development 

 of juvenile pigment pattern (usually addition of 

 pigment to the dorsum). 



Transforming larva = from onset to completion 

 of transformation of 13th dorsal spine and 3d anal 

 spine from soft ray to fully developed spine. Also 

 from the onset of development of juvenile pigment 

 pattern to development of distinctive juvenile 

 pigmentation, often in the form of melanistic sad- 

 dles over the dorsum. 



Pelagic juvenile = from completion of formation 

 of 13th dorsal and 3d anal spine (and thus attain- 



ment of adult complement of actual fin spines and 

 rays) and development of juvenile pigmentation 

 until no longer captured pelagically. 



Benthic juvenile = from time of first capture on 

 bottom and usual associated decrease in intensity 

 of melanistic pigmentation to attainment of sex- 

 ual maturitv. 



Spination (Figure 1, Table 2) 



Difficulties arise in naming all the spines found 

 in the head region of larvae and juveniles of 

 Sebastes because not all are found in adults. 

 Further complications arise because the names 

 traditionally used for a number of the head spines 

 do not reflect the bone from which the spine origi- 

 nates. For these reasons we include a composite 

 diagram of spines which may occur during the 

 larval and juvenile periods. The terminology is a 

 combination and modification of that used by Phil- 

 lips (1957), Chen ( 1971), Moser (1972), and Moser 

 and Ahlstrom (1978). Most names used in this 

 paper are the same as those used for adult 

 rockfishes to avoid confusion, even though the 

 bones from which the spines originate are not in- 

 dicated by the name. Exceptions are as follows. 

 The two spines found on the opercular margin are 

 here called the subopercular and the interopercu- 

 lar according to the bones from which they origi- 

 nate. The superior posttemporal (supracleithral of 

 adults), inferior posttemporal (not found in 

 adults), and supracleithral (cleithral of adults) are 

 so-called because of their origin. This is done to 

 avoid confusion with a spine present on the poste- 

 rior margin of the cleithrum, which is here called 

 the cleithral spine. Use of the term infraorbital 



INFERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES. 1ST 

 SUPERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES, 1ST 



SUPERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES, 2ND 



INFERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES. 2ND --' 

 INFERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES, 3RD -'" 

 SUPERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES, 3RD 

 SUPERIOR INFRAORBITAL SERIES, 4 TH 



ANTERIOR PREOPERCULAR SERIES, I ST- 3RD 



POSTERIOR PREOPERCULAR SERIES, IST-5TH 



INTEROPERCULAR 

 SUBOPERCULAR 



INFERIOR OPERCULAR 

 SUPERIOR OPERCULAR 



NASAL 



PREOCULAR 



SUPRAOCULAR 



F'jST'XULAR 



Ip' 





TrMPANIC 



PTEROTIC 



PARIETAL 

 NUCHAL 



r.FERIOR POSTTEMPORAL 

 -yjPERIOR POSTTEMPORAL 

 SUPRACLEITHRAL 



Figure l . — Composite diagram of spines present in the head region of larval and juvenile Sebastes species 

 including names used in this paper. Refer to Table 2 for correspondmg names used for adults and bones 

 from which spines originate. 



