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ANSON H. HINES 



Department of Zoology. University of California 



Berkeley, Calif 



Present address: Center for Coastal Marine Studies 



Unwersity of California 



Santa Cruz, CA 95064 



INCIDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF 



PISCINE ERYTHROCYTIC NECROSIS 



AND THE MICROSPORIDIAN, GLVGEA 



HERTWIGI. IN RAINBOW SMELT, 



OSMERUS MORDAX. FROM MASSACHUSETTS 



TO THE CANADIAN MARITIMES 



Since the first discovery by Laird and Bullock 

 (1969) of piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN) in 

 the red blood cells of the Atlantic cod, Gadus 

 morhua: seasnail, Liparis atlanticiis; and long- 

 horn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus , 

 15 genera of fishes, including 17 marine species 

 along the North Atlantic coast of North America 

 have been found to be affected by PEN. Sherburne 

 (1977) reported PEN in the alewife, A /osapseurfo- 

 harerigus, and smelt, Osmerus mordax. Walker 

 and Sherburne (1977) reported PEN in the Atlan- 

 tic herring, Clupea harengiis harengiis; Atlantic 

 tomcod, Microgadiis torncod; spot, Leiostomus 

 xanthurus: tautog, Tautoga onitis; rock gunnel, 

 Pholis gunnellus; sea raven, Hemifripferus 

 americanus; fourspot flounder, Paralichthys ob- 

 longus; and winter flounder, Pseitdopleumncctes 

 americanus. Sherburne and Bean (unpubl. data) 

 have found PEN in pollock, Pollachius virens; At- 

 lantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus; American 

 shad, A/osa sapidissima: and blueback herring, A. 

 aestivalis. 



PEN has been confirmed by electron microscopy 

 as an erythrocytic icosahedral cytoplasmic deoxy- 

 ribovirus (EICDV) infection in two of the above 

 species — the Atlantic cod (Walker 1971; Appy et 

 al. 1976; Walker and Sherburne 1977) and the 

 Atlantic herring (Philippon et al. 1977; Reno et 

 al. 1978). 



During our investigations of PEN in the Atlan- 

 tic cod, other marine species were examined for 

 evidence of PEN. especially those forming the diet 

 of the cod. One of these was the rainbow smelt, 

 Osryierus mordax. Smelt were examined for both 

 PEN and the pathogenic microsporidian parasite, 

 Glugea herticigi. 



This report shows the incidence and geographi- 

 cal distribution of PEN and Glugea hertwigi in 

 smelt populations from Massachusetts to the 



FISHERY BULLETIN VOL 77, NO 2, 1979 



503 



