WAHLE ET AL : 1960-63 BROOD HATCHERY-REARED SOCKEYE SAI \ION 



revealed that <50^ of the stocked fish migrated 

 downstream. 



11. From 1964 through 1968, sampling for 

 marked adults was conducted in the two Columbia 

 River fisheries: the gill net area below Bonneville 

 Dam (zones 1-5), and the Indian set net and dip net 

 fishery above the dam (zone 6). An average of 

 43.5% of the commercial catch was examined for 

 marks. 



12. The commercial harvest was atypical during 

 the study because of regulation restrictions. The 

 average annual harvest for the period was only 

 22,500 fish compared with average landings of 

 90,900 for the prior 7 yr. The C/E ratio did not 

 exceed 0.5/1. 



13. Almost all hatchery fish in the catch were in 

 their fourth year of life. The average weight offish 

 in the catch ranged from 1.5 to 1.8 kg. 



14. A mark mortality correction factor was in- 

 cluded in calculations of hatchery fish in the catch 

 as it was shown that the marked fish survival was 

 only 60.52'^f of the unmarked fish. 



15. During the study, hatchery fish composed an 

 average of 13.6% of the total commercial catch. 



16. The exvessel price to fishermen, used to de- 

 termine benefits in this study, ranged from $0.68 

 to $0.82/kg. 



17. Production costs were determined by a pre- 

 viously developed method utilizing both capital 

 and operational charges. 



18. The benefit cost ratio for the study broods 

 was 0.039:1 or about 4 cents returned for each 

 dollar spent. 



19. Factors contributing to poor survival of 

 juvenile fish were: high mortality from predation 

 and angling during lake rearing, probable disease 

 and nutritional problems, losses during migration 

 from turbine injury and gas bubble disease, and 

 delay in reservoirs. 



20. Reasons for the low return of adults to the 

 fishery include: unknown ocean mortality, losses 

 incurred while ascending Bonneville Dam, and 

 the erratic opportunity of harvest because of sea- 

 son restrictions. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



We are grateful for the assistance and coopera- 

 tion of various individuals and agencies during 

 the course of this study. Special thanks are offered 

 the following individuals: Donald D. Worlund, 

 National Marine Fisheries Service, for develop- 

 ment of design and acting as primary consultant; 



Douglas Weber, Donovan Craddock, and Robert 

 McConnell, National Marine Fisheries Service; 

 Paul D. Zimmer and Eugene Maltzeff, Bureau of 

 Commercial Fisheries; John W. Kincheloe and 

 Steven K. Olhausen, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service; and Arthur L. Oakley, formerly Fish 

 Commission of Oregon, for their assistance in the 

 design, supervision, and data collection and pro- 

 cessing portions of this study. The aid and cooper- 

 ation of Alfred C. Gastineau and Fredrick W. Bitle 

 and staff of Leavenworth National Fish Hatchery 

 is much appreciated. Helpful editorial comments 

 were contributed by Richard T. Pressey, John I. 

 Hodges, Steve H. Smith, National Marine 

 Fisheries Service; William Sholes, California De- 

 partment of Fish and Game; Robert Foster, 

 Washington Department of Fisheries; Frederick 

 C. Cleaver, Columbia River Fisheries Council; 

 and F. K. Sandercock, Canadian Fisheries and 

 Marine Service. Our thanks are due Kathleen 

 LaBarge and Vivian Dignan for typing the text 

 and tables for this publication. 



LITERATURE CITED 



ALLEN, R. L.. AND T, K, MEEKIN, 



197.3. ColumbiaRiversockevesalmonstudy. 1972. Prog. 

 Rep. Wash. Dep. Fish,. 61 p. 

 ANAS, R. E.. AND J. R. GAULEY. 



1956. Blueback salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka age and 

 length at seaward migration past Bonneville Dam. U.S. 

 Fish Wildl. Serv.. .Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 185. 46 p. 



Chaney, E., and L. E. Perry. 



1976. Columbia Basin salmon and steelhead anal- 

 ysis. Summ. Rep., Pac. Northwest Reg. Comm., 74 p. 

 CRAIG. J. A., and R. L. H.ACKER, 



1940. The history and development of the fisheries of the 

 Columbia River. Bull. |U,S.] Bur. Fish, 49:133-216. 



Ebel, W. J,, D, L. Park, and R, C. Johnsen, 



1973, Effects of transportation on survival and homing of 

 Snake River Chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Fish, 

 Bull,, U,S. 71:549-563, 



Ellis. C. H., and R. E, Noble, 



I960. Barging and hauling experiments with fall chinook 

 salmon on the Klickitat River to test effects on survivals. 

 Wash, Dep, Fish., 70th Annu. Rep., p. 57-71, 



Fish Commission of OREtMjN and Washington Depart- 

 ment OF Fisheries, 



1968. The 1967 status report of the Columbia River com- 

 mercial fisheries. Fish, Comm. Oreg. and Wash. Dep. 

 Fish.. 91 p. 



Fish. F. F,. and M, G, Hanavan, 



1948, A report upon the Grand Coulee Fish-Maintenance 

 Project 1939-1947. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec, Sci, Rep, 

 55, 63 p, 

 FOERSTER. R, E, 



1968. The sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Fish. 

 Res. Board Can.. Bull. 162, 422 p. 



241 



