VIII CONTENTS 



Chapter — Continued 



II. Geology of the Gulf of Mexico — Continued 



Sediments of Gulf of Mexico — Continued Page 



Louisiana shelf 81 



Western Gulf 81 



Yucatdn Peninsula 82 



Cuba 82 



Mexican Basin 82 



Conclusions 82 



Bibliography 83 



III. Marine meteorology of the Gulf of Mexico, a brief review. By Dale F. 



Leipper 89 



Extra tropical cyclones 89 



The general air circulation and some of its consequences 89 



Average conditions 90 



Weather observing stations 93 



Typical upper air soundings 93 



Northers 95 



Meteorological tides 95 



Hurricanes 96 



Applications of marine meteorology in the Gulf 96 



Further sources of information 96 



Conclusion 97 



Literature cited 97 



IV. Physics and chemistry of Gulf waters. 



Tides and sea level in the Gulf of Mexico. By H. A. Marmer 101 



Harmonic constants 104 



Types of tide 108 



Semidaily type 110 



Daily type 110 



Mixed types 112 



Characteristics from harmonic constants 113 



Disturbing effects of wind and weather 113 



The tide in the Gulf of Mexico 114 



Sea level 115 



Availability of tidal data 117 



Literature cited 118 



Physical oceanography of the Gulf of Mexico. By Dale F. Leipper 119 



Ocean currents 119 



Sea surface temperatures 125 



Sea temperature variations with depth 131 



Salinity 135 



Temperature-salinity relationships 135 



Ocean wind waves and swell 136 



Shallow water oceanography 136 



Bibliography 136 



Light penetration in the Gulf of Mexico. By William S. Shoemaker 139 



Distribution of chemical constituents of sea water in the Gulf of Mexico. 



By Robert H. Williams 143 



Salinity H3 



Dissolved oxygen 145 



Phosphorus 145 



Nitrate-nitrogen 147 



Nitrite-nitrogen 148 



Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) 148 



Alkalinitv and carbon dioxide components 148 



Copper.] 148 



Miscellaneous chemical constituents 148 



