FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT 303 



of the best possible environmental conditions, and avoidance of overcrowd- 

 ing fish. 



External infections of columnaris may be treated with: 



(1) Diquat (not registered by the Food and Drug Administration) at 8.4 

 to 16.8 parts per million (2-4 parts per million active cation) for 1 hour 

 daily on 3 or 4 consecutive days. 



(2) Terramycin (registered by the Food and Drug Administration) as a 

 prolonged bath at 15 parts per million active ingredient (0.57 gram per 10 

 gallons; 4.25 grams per 10 cubic feet) for 24 hours. 



(3) Furanace for trout and salmon (not registered by the Food and Drug 

 Administration) as a bath at 1 part per million active ingredient (0.038 

 gram per 10 gallons; 0.283 gram per 10 cubic feet) for 5-10 minutes, or at 

 0.1 part per million active ingredient (0.0038 gram per 10 gallon; 0.0283 

 gram per 10 cubic feet) for an indefinite period. 



(4) Copper sulfate (registered by the Food and Drug Administration) at 

 0.5 part per million for pond treatments. 



(5) Potassium permanganate (registered by the Food and Drug Adminis- 

 tration), the most effective pond treatment for external columnaris infec- 

 tions in warmwater fish, at the rate of 2 parts per million (5.4 pounds per 

 acre-foot). If the color changes in less than 12 hours it may be necessary to 

 repeat the treatment. 



Internal infections of columnaris may be treated with Terramycin or sul- 

 fonamides, both registered by the Food and Drug Administration. 



(1) For channel catfish and other warmwater fish that will take artificial 

 food, provide medicated feed that will deliver 2.5-3.5 grams Terramycin 

 per 100 pounds of fish per day for 7 to 10 days. For fish being fed 3% of 

 their body weight daily, it is necessary to have 83.3-116.7 grams Terramy- 

 cin per 100 pounds of food. Under no circumstances should the treatment 

 time be less than 7 days. For salmonids, Terramycin given orally in the 

 feed at a rate of 3.5 grams per 100 pounds fish per day for up to 10 days is 

 very effective in early as well as advanced outbreaks. 



(2) For salmonids, sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine can be given orally 

 in the feed at a rate of 5 to 10 grams per 100 pounds of fish per day, but 

 they are less effective than other drugs. 



PEDUNCLE DISEASE 



Peduncle Disease is the same condition known as coldwater or low- 

 temperature disease. Lesions appear on the fish in similar locations, system- 

 ic flexibacteria are present, and the disease occurs at low water tempera- 

 tures in the range of 45° to 50°F. Affected fish become darkened, and le- 

 sions may develop on the caudal peduncle or on the isthmus anterior to 



